Pricing Gouging Is it Justifiable

Essay Proposal Calamities leave terrible and remarkable damages on people who are afflicted by them. Hurricane Sandy was particularly devastating to northeast residents in New Jersey. Apart from the conspicuous financial and personal damages left behind by disastrous emergencies, they also provoked political and bad economic grandstanding.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Pricing Gouging: Is it Justifiable? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Any person who follows such grandstanding wonders whether it is fair for businesses- from those dealing with consumables to gas stations- to spontaneously hike their prices to earn windfall profits at the advantage of desperation of disaster-afflicted customers. Many will perhaps say no to the query especially those caught at the middle of the hurricane sandy, as price gouging not only seems illegal but also unethical. Chris Christie, the New Jersey governor, was concer ned that not all people in New Jersey held the above position. He warned that price gouging in the event of a disaster like hurricane sandy was illegal and one that attracted heavy penalties to culprits. Similar to the warnings issued by Chris Christie, Schneiderman, a New York based Antony, lamented that people need to look out for one another during emergencies. Conceptualization of these lamentations creates an impression that price gouging is morally unethical. Unfortunately, this may not be the position for Keynesian economists. While some people like Chris Christie and Schneiderman may see price gouging in event of a disaster as a wrong profiteering endeavor, to these groups of economists, sudden price hike is merely one of the ways of realizing balance between demand and supply. Hence, price gouging is not wrong since it is simply an application of laws of demand and supply. Considering the opposing positions of price gouging, this paper proposes to question whether indeed pr ice gouging is right or wrong and whether it is just. Particular focus of the research paper will be dedicated to introspection of the perception of the business owners on the purpose for existence of their businesses especially on aspects of profit making endeavors showing how such perceptions relate to price gouging. In the effort to deliver a research based on scholarly evidence, discussion of price gouging is based on various scholarly views of people on what constitutes justice. The essay will first lay fundamental grounds of research by discussing first what is right or wrong from the context of Sandel’s work: Justice: What’s the right thing to do? The essay will then proceed to discuss Libertarianism view of price gouging followed by Utilitarianism view of the same. Finally, Kantian perspectives on price gouging will be considered. Annotated bibliography Sandel, Michael. Justice: What’s the right thing to do?. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009. Pr int.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This book lays down Sandel’s political philosophy. The author attempts to engage with difficult political philosophical issues in an open and honest manner. He argues that justice, as a chief determinant of what is rights or wrong to do is concerned with values, which are central to politics of states coupled with the law. His discussion of justice is limited to pluralistic societies forming western civilizations. He does this through a balanced discussion of a three-facet approach to justice. These facets are communitarian, utilitarian, and libertarian dimensions of justice. Sandel does not contend with the arguments of these alternative justice theories. Rather, he engages criticism and commentaries whenever appropriate. Criticism is the main methodology used to provide a balanced view of justice from the three theories. Sandel begins by outlining Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism theory followed by its criticism in the context of the refinements to the theory as postulated by John Stuart. He then proceeds to scrutinize Robert Nozick’s Libertarian’s approach to justice followed by Immanual Kant’s categorical imperatives. Upon discussing the work of John Rawl and the concept of telos, which was raised by Aristotle, he begins to bring into lime light his own views on justice. He maintains that, opposed to the view of justice as being autonomous, as Rawlsians and Kantians would suggest, it has a purpose and goals. Now, Sandel makes it clear that justice serves to limit certain actions of individual in the society: a view adopted by communitarians. Wolff, Jonathan. â€Å"Libertarianism, utility, and economic competition.† Virginal Law Journal 92.1(2006): 1605-1623. Print. Jonathan Wolff discusses the characteristics of liberaltarianism coupled with foundation that ancho rs it. He argues that libertarianism is anchored on the ideas of â€Å"minimal state, restricted to narrow functions of protecting citizens from each other (and for non citizens), and providing for the enforcement of private contracts† (Wolff 1605).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Pricing Gouging: Is it Justifiable? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To him, this argument implies that libertarians presume that freedom from the state rules is accompanied by economic institution driven by perspectives of pure capitalism, which includes strong rights of private property. This presumption helps to permit free competition among all potential goods and service producers. The article then proceeds to discuss two forms of libertarianism: deontological and consequential libertarianism. Wolff relates these types of libertarianism with theory of justice by claiming that libertarianism is based on â€Å"a str ict doctrine of natural rights, violation of which is never permitted whatever consequences† (Wolff 1605). If free market operation encompasses one of the elements that are protected by universal chords of freedom, based on the argument that people have the right to buy whatever on offer at any price or not, it sounds appropriate for price gouging to occur during periods of shortages. This would permit freedom of operation of market forces of demand and supply without state interference as Wolff Jonathan suggests in his approach to libertarianism. Hart, Caroline. â€Å"The Capability Space and New Directions for the Philosophy of Educational Research.† Studies in Philosophy Education, 28.2 (2009) 391–402. Print. This article introduces capability approach as a new approach of evaluating justice based on perspectives of individual wellbeing. The author argues that this approach diverges from the traditional approach of utilitarian view. He asserts, â€Å"instead of measuring well-being based on the accumulation of wealth and resources by individuals and nations, the capability approach focuses on the opportunities (capabilities) an individual has to choose and pursue a life they have a reason to value† (Hart 391). She claims that, opposed to the approach of utilitarian which views justice as driven by normative ethics, which hold justifiable actions as those which foster maximization of utility through maximization of happiness and reduction in suffering, his capability approach views actions that foster good life for all and hence enabling human life to flourish as being justifiable. The question that remains is, ‘Does price gouging promote happiness and reduce suffering for all people afflicted by disasters?’ From the discussion of utilitarian as offered by Caroline Hart, price gouging is nothing less than a mechanism of reducing equality among people. This claim perhaps may justify consideration of price gouging as ill egal meaning that it is punishable by law. In this end, the law is a tool for enhancing justice for all.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cheng, Chung-Ying. â€Å"Justice and Peace in Kant and Confucius.† Journal of Chinese philosophy 2.1(2007): 345-357. Print. In the article, Cheng evaluates and critics Kant’s principles of justice. According to Cheng, â€Å"†¦duty to respect rights of others is the foundation of justice or equity† (345). In this sense, justice accrues from respecting other people’s perceived rights. While maintaining that justice is the foundation of Kant’s theory, Cheng says that generosity is not a requirement for justice nor should it have any role to play in justice. In the context of the proposed research, price gouging may be seen from the context of Cheng’s work as unjust since it denies some people especially those who are less economically endowed in terms of their rights to consume products when prices escalate beyond levels, which they can afford. On the other hand, maintaining low prices for products yet their supply is low makes a business owner sacrifice an opportunity for making more profit. Hence, retaining low prices implies that the business owner is more generous. This issue raises the dilemmas of what the right thing to do entails. The Essay Is price gouging justifiable? The term Price gouging may be used in a variety of ways. In the casual sense, it means the rising of prices of service and goods to levels considered as unfair especially to the less economically endowed persons. In the legal sense, the term refers to the laws against taking economic advantage of people upon the occurrence of emergencies. This kind of price gouging may occur, for instance, when a disaster like a hurricane strikes destroying many business premises leaving behind few of them so that demand of commodities increases. In the effort to meet the increased demand, business premise owners, for example, shop owners hike prices of the commodities. However, is this strategy the right thing to do? The overall focus of the essay is to provid e a response to this query by exploring Libertarianism, utilitarianism views on price gouging, and Kantian perspectives on the same. What is the right thing to do? Opposing the views of Libertarianism, Utilitarianism, and Kantian notions on justice makes the dilemma discussed by Sandel in his work Justice: What’s the right thing to do even more amplified when the work is interpreted in the context of price gouging. The idea of dismissal of price gouging during periods of high demand in comparison to supply in the occurrence of disasters such as hurricane sandy as inappropriate is pegged on the perception and premise that people who sale goods at the escalated prices above ‘normal’ are immoral capitalists. These people focus on taking advantage of people during times in which they are living below their means. From the utilitarian positions, the most appropriate ethical action is the one which â€Å"provides the most good or does the least harm, or, to put it ano ther way, produces the greatest balance of good over harm† (Wolff 1611). In the context of price gouging, the right thing to do is to set and maintain prices of commodities in a manner that ensures that they produce the utmost good and or do the least harm to persons afflicted by disaster-customers. This argument would mean that customers would have to compete in buying products whose supply is limited. The repercussion of approaching the challenge of price gouging from the above perspective is that some people who have the capability and are willing to purchase certain amounts of products are not offered the right to do so by virtue of the fact that enough products will not be available in the market. Hence, applying utilitarianism to justify the inappropriateness of price gouging suffers especially if justice is considered a way of ensuring that all people have their rights protected. While the utilitarian would take price gouging as unethical and immoral, libertarians would consider states’ interventions to criminalize price gouging as not justified, and hence inappropriate. Libertarians â€Å"argue for the free market and strong individual rights to property, not based on an antecedent theory of justice, but in terms of the beneficial consequences such as wealth creation and efficiency that such arrangements may bring† (Wolff 1607). Therefore, the right thing to do is to permit free operation of principles of demand and supply. During the times of need, demand must go up. Prices must also go up to ensure that people have accessibility to products depending on the extent and magnitude they need them. This strategy is perhaps not the right thing to do based on the utilitarian positions since it appears to foster growth of massive exploitation of needy people by capitalist. However, it qualifies to be the right thing to do since it also ensures service delivery to other people who actually need them more. People inclined to the libertarian perspective of thinking would defend price gouging since, for instance, if the price of gasoline selling at $3 per gallon remains at the same price during the times of shortage, the market would remain open to persons who actually need it less. For instance, a person wishing to power a generator so that he or she can sell other products to needy persons will have to compete equally for the limited supplies of gasoline as anybody else would. Consequently, failing to permit market to operate freely will lead to influencing negatively other areas of service delivery. This argument correlates with the Kant’s perception of justice as argued by Cheng, â€Å"we should Know our rights and rights of others so that we can render to others what we owe to them and let others render to us what they owe to us† (346). In the example of price gouging with respect to the price of gasoline in the event of an emergency, the right thing to do is to permit the operation of the fuel market in a manner that will ensure that all people benefit. From the Keynesian perspective, this case cannot happen if the balance of demand and supply is interfered with through state interventions. Raising the prices of goods and services when people are in desperation is considered illegal in many nations. However, looking at it from the angle that the right thing to do is the one, which delivers utmost good to all people, price gouging is necessary. In fact, people being driven by their capitalist interests in the occurrence of disasters will risk taking goods and services to disaster-stricken areas in the quest to earn above ‘normal’ profits. In the process, supply would exceed the demand. From the economic perspective, prices have to come down. Consequently, price gouging helps to bring normalcy fast in disaster stricken areas. If this case would ensure that people obtain utmost good from the market fast enough, from utilitarian and libertarian perspectives, price goug ing is appropriate after disasters strike. Works Cited Cheng, Chung-Ying. â€Å"Justice and Peace in Kant and Confucius.† Journal of Chinese philosophy 2.1(2007): 345-357. Print. Hart, Caroline. â€Å"The Capability Space and New Directions for the Philosophy of Educational Research.† Studies in Philosophy Education 28.2(2009): 391–402. Print. Sandel, Michael. Justice: What’s the right thing to do? New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009. Print. Wolff, Jonathan. â€Å"Libertarianism, utility, and economic competition.† Virginia law journal 92.1(2006): 1605-1623. Print. This research paper on Pricing Gouging: Is it Justifiable? was written and submitted by user Chase Morrow to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on A Real and Present Wireless Danger

Cellular phones have quickly become the essential part of our everyday lives. It is not surprise that last couple of years we see more reports that medical equipment doesn’t work properly because of cellular phones. Cellular phones cause harmful interference for medical equipment. This is serious problem that can cause anything from minor inconveniences to serious injuries or even death. There are number of studies that show if cellular phone is being used near a cardiac pacemaker, it causes interference. It was proven that little more than a quarter of all patients with implanted pacemakers could have problems if they are using digital wireless phones. Good news is that distance of only 8 inches from the phone is needed to make sure that digital wireless phone doesn’t cause any problems. Another interesting fact is that only those phones that operate in 900 MHz frequency can cause problems. Phones that operate in 1800 MHz frequency don’t cause any problems. All patients with pacemakers need to make sure they don’t carry phone close to the pacemaker. Another good news is that mostly all new pacemakers that are currently manufactured are guaranteed to be safe to use near cellular phones. Also, there were other tests done with implanted medical equipment that helps patients to inhale. Forty-one patients were tested using digital 900MHz phones. Those tests prove that none of the patients had any problems. The tests were double checked by testing same medical equipment close to a field of cellular-phone antennas. Second test however indicates that strong magnetic field caused by lots of cellular phone power can cause temporary shutdown of implanted medical equipment. Therefore it is recommended for patients with implanted inhalation medical equipment to keep at least small distance between them and digital cellular phone. Nine of external pacemakers from four different manufacturers were also tested. They showed lots of diff... Free Essays on A Real and Present Wireless Danger Free Essays on A Real and Present Wireless Danger Cellular phones have quickly become the essential part of our everyday lives. It is not surprise that last couple of years we see more reports that medical equipment doesn’t work properly because of cellular phones. Cellular phones cause harmful interference for medical equipment. This is serious problem that can cause anything from minor inconveniences to serious injuries or even death. There are number of studies that show if cellular phone is being used near a cardiac pacemaker, it causes interference. It was proven that little more than a quarter of all patients with implanted pacemakers could have problems if they are using digital wireless phones. Good news is that distance of only 8 inches from the phone is needed to make sure that digital wireless phone doesn’t cause any problems. Another interesting fact is that only those phones that operate in 900 MHz frequency can cause problems. Phones that operate in 1800 MHz frequency don’t cause any problems. All patients with pacemakers need to make sure they don’t carry phone close to the pacemaker. Another good news is that mostly all new pacemakers that are currently manufactured are guaranteed to be safe to use near cellular phones. Also, there were other tests done with implanted medical equipment that helps patients to inhale. Forty-one patients were tested using digital 900MHz phones. Those tests prove that none of the patients had any problems. The tests were double checked by testing same medical equipment close to a field of cellular-phone antennas. Second test however indicates that strong magnetic field caused by lots of cellular phone power can cause temporary shutdown of implanted medical equipment. Therefore it is recommended for patients with implanted inhalation medical equipment to keep at least small distance between them and digital cellular phone. Nine of external pacemakers from four different manufacturers were also tested. They showed lots of diff...

Executive Dilemmas in the Information Age Assignment

Executive Dilemmas in the Information Age - Assignment Example CEOs strive for clarity of their visions for an organization and this clarity influence behavior of employees towards attainment of the goals of their organizations. CEOs also exercise authority in communicating their expectations of employees in order to help them act in line with the desired organization’s culture (Baltzan, 2013). Modeling is an effective way in which CEOs effect desired changes and maintain good patterns of behavior. A CEO, for example, recommends and implements ways of rewarding and encouraging behaviors that are in line with an organization’s culture. Technology enhances the efficiency and productivity of the systems of organizations from all industries and executives from non-technological industries need to be aware of how to capitalize on this advantage. The awareness of technology can help executives from non-technological industries to employ the technology appropriate in helping customers interact better with the organization. Executives from non-technological industries need to worry about technology because of its potential to hasten the pace of organizational change lest they lose control of the direction of change (Tsai, 2003). Technology is highly dynamic and subsequent technological advancements pose new challenges and opportunities to businesses. Continuous learning alerts executives on indications of such challenges and opportunities and helps them device response course of action. Additionally, being dynamic with technological knowledge would help executives make decisions about how much resources should be allocated to technology. Advancement in technology causes changes in the cost of purchasing and maintaining technological equipment and without knowledge of these changes, executives can either overspend or under-spend. Decisions regarding technological sustainability require executives to have current

Comprehensive Writing Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Comprehensive Writing Assessment - Essay Example The IT department seeks to remind tellers to follow the standard method of balancing ledgers, in order to ensure that all client accounts are properly reconciled. In recognition of this system knowledge deficiency, the IT department has designed a training program. All tellers, new and old alike are expected to engage in the program, so as to be fully conversant with usage of the system. Further scrutiny also revealed that the prompt screen for merge/consolidation does not appear consistently, which makes tellers post transactions prior to consolidating them. The assumption that the system automatically consolidates transactions has, therefore, been another key contributor to the problem of bounced checks. Therefore, tellers should not make an assumption that the system will automatically consolidate and merge. The IT department has also ensured that the icon that appears during the merge/consolidation is resized to be visible to the tellers. Additionally, restructuring and reprogramming the program was done to make sure that the correct prompt screen always appears with the icon always visible. The icon was a also located in a more prominent area of the screen for easy

Starting a new solar panel company in Germany Research Paper

Starting a new solar panel company in Germany - Research Paper Example The sophistication of the economy is in evidence in the way high technology dominates its industries, with cars, chemicals, machineries, and related products constituting the core of its exports to the rest of the world. Outside of Europe too, in the context of the larger world economy, Germany’s economy stands proud as the fifth largest in the world. The sophistication of its products on the other hand also imply one, the presence of a highly technical and highly educated and intelligent workforce, and two, a sophisticated economy with serious and equally sophisticated energy needs. By way of quantifying the economy, in 2013 it was valued at $3.227 trillion at purchasing price parity, making it officially the sixth largest economy in the world. Its per capita GDP on the other hand is pegged at $39,500, making it number 29 in that area in the whole world, and highlighting the prosperity of the country and its citizens in general. The country also boasts of a labor force that i s entirely devoted to industries and to services except for less than two percent of about 44 million German workers. That 1.6 percent of the workforce toils in the agriculture sector. Industry makes up about a quarter of the labor force, while the rest, or close to three quarters, are involved in services (2; 9). Other indicators of economic health, such as economic freedom, also indicate a German economy that has been on the up and up for a long time, and in a way has never been in better shape as now, with the country achieving its highest rating for economy freedom historically in 2014. Moving back twenty years into the past, Germany was deemed as having an economy that was moderately free, but has since moved into the category of mostly free countries in the past eight years, advancing in its ranking consistently throughout that time, to achieve its highest rating at present (13). Elsewhere the prognosis is that Germany has moreover done better than its

Child abuse signs and the long term effects

Child abuse signs and the long term effects Child Abuse: Signs and the Long Term Effects All children are born with the right to be able to grow, develop, live and love according to their needs and feelings. Growing up can be difficult, and most children receive the love and care that they need to develop into healthy, mature adults. For a childs development they need protection from adults who love them and help them acquire the skills to be a successful adult. However, some children are neglected and hurt by adults that they trust. Abuse can mean different things to different people. Abuse can also happen once in their lifetime, or it can happen many times. Physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect are the four types of child abuse. Over three million reports of child abuse are made every year in the United States. (OMeara and Fedderson) Over seventy five percent of children die each year from abuse. (Prevent child abuse) Certain forms of child abuse are serious enough to become a crime. Physical, emotional and sexual abuse, as well are neglect, can lead to long term p sychological effects on a child. How can child abuse happen? There are many factors as to why abuse happens. Some of these factors include domestic violence, alcohol and drug use, and stress and lack of support from others (Saisan, Gill, Segal). When a child witnesses domestic violence is very chaotic and it causes instability in the home. Alcohol and drug use increases a lapse in judgment and can interfere with the ability for a person to control their actions. Being a parent is not an easy task and sometimes it can cause a very stressful situation. Teen parents often need patience to deal with a child, and most of the time they do not have that so they depend on others. Caring for a child with a disability can also create a stressful situation. Also, when parents and caregivers are abused as a child they grow up to abuse their very own children, and the cycle of abuse continues. (Saisan, Gill, Segal) Younger children may not understand why these acts are being done, and may think that they have done something wro ng. On the other hand, older children have the ability to do something about the abuse being done to them. Often times, most children become withdrawn and do not prefer talk about it. Each category of child abuse has its very own distinct signs. Each child is unique and may exhibit specific signs if they are enduring a specific type of abuse. Physical abuse often occurs when a child is hit out of anger or is caught in the middle of a very stressful situation. Children under the age of two are most likely to suffer direct abuse from the hands of a parent. (Juby 519) Physical abuse is often described as unexplained injuries such as bruises, burns, and abrasions. Sometimes, the child may be fearful of adults that he or she is not familiar with. Parents may exhibit signs that they are being abusive with their children by using a harsh tone with their voice, offers no explanation for their childs injury, or is very negative with their child. (Recognize Abuse) Emotional abuse can be referred to verbal abuse. When a parent or caregiver says mean and hurtful things to a child, they are emotionally hurting them. Excessive demands, penalizing children for their work, discouraging the child from moving forward, and exposing them to family violence are just a few signs of emotional abuse. Physical and emotional abuse often overlap each other; however, emotional abuse is much harder to identify. (Fact Sheet) Children who endure this type of abuse often think that this is a normal way of life. The parents who may be treating their child in such way may blame or belittle the child, refuse to offer help, or constantly reject the child. (Recognize Abuse) Emotional abuse is often present when other forms of abuse are identified within the child. Sexual abuse can take place within the family by a parent, sibling, or other relative. This type of abuse can also happen outside of the home by a friend, neighbor, teacher, or a stranger. When this abuse has occurred, the child can develop a variety of distraught feelings, thoughts and behaviors. This type of abuse has been reported up to 80,000 times a year, but research suggests that more cases go unreported because the children are afraid of confessing of what happened to them. (Prevent Abuse) Children who are sexually abused often develop a very low self esteem and a distorted view of sex. A physician must detect signs of sexual abuse through a physical examination because there are no external signs. Some may want to consider the signs of sexual abuse if the child shows the following symptoms: difficulty walking or sitting, nightmares, bedwetting, a sudden change in appetite, or demonstrates unusual sexual behavior. Parents may also show signs that they are sexually abusing th eir children if they are being very isolated, they severely limit the childs contact with other children, or they are very jealous. (Recognize Abuse) Neglect is simply refusing to meet the childs basic needs for survival. About fifty nine percent of children suffer from neglect. In 2007 an estimated 1760 children have died from abuse or neglect. (Fact Sheet). The child may be frequently absent from school, lacks needed medical care, has constant body odor, and does not have appropriate clothing based on the weather conditions. When the parent seems depressed, behaves irrationally, and does not care about the interest of his or her child, they could be the one neglecting their child. (Recognize Abuse) No child is prepared to cope with any type of abuse done to them. Children are not just an â€Å"object.† They are a human being, just like everyone else. There is no moral way of saying that child abuse is ok. Parents and caregivers often do not realize the effects that abuse has on their children. Many think that it is a form of punishment but in reality, it is harming the child. (Saisan, Gill, Segal) The long term effects of abuse can cause severe psychological problems that can be devastating to the child. These problems can range from mild to severe depending on how long the abuse was endured or how severe it turned out to be. Parents with low educational value are more likely to use abuse (Juby 519). Psychological problems that a child may face are academic difficulties, alcohol and/or drug abuse, anxiety, behavior problems, depression, fear of certain adults, self neglect, sleep disorders, age-inappropriate behavior, social withdrawal, and separation anxiety. Abuse can also intervene with the ability to establish healthy relationships in the future. All children are different and they each respond to situations in their own way. Some children may endure some form of abuse without developing any of the long term effects. (Newton) In conclusion, child abuse can cause psychological problems that can be irreversible. There are ways that child abuse can be prevented. There are many organizations today that have dedicated themselves to the treatment and prevention of child abuse. A known organization that has been around the longest is called ChildHelp. It is a non-profit organization that aids in the treatment and prevention of abused children (OMeara and Fedderson). Prevention is the only cure for child abuse. Abuse of any kind can cause emotional scars that can never be healed. Children are supposed to learn everything they need to become successful adults in this world from their parents. Instead of teaching, loving and nurturing, abusive parents and caregivers provide the opposite of what children need to grow and develop. Works Cited â€Å"Childhood Disease and Disorder Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2009. Web. 22 Nov 2009 Child Welfare Information Gateway â€Å"Recognizing Child Abuse and Neglect: Signs and Symptoms.† 9 Oct 2009. Web. 21 Nov 2009 Fact Sheet: Emotional Child Abuse. Michigan. Web. 21 Nov 2009 Juby, Cindy. â€Å"Parental Attitude: A Meditating Role in Disciplinary Methods used by Parents† Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal Dec 2009: 519. Proquest. Web. 23 Nov. 2009 Newton, C.J. â€Å"Child Abuse: An Overview.† Mental Health Journal. Apr 2001. Web. 19 Nov. 2009 OMeara, Sara. Yvonne, Fedderson. â€Å"Effects of Child Abuse.† ChildHelp. Web. 22 Nov 2009. Saisan, Joanna, Ellen Jaffe-Gill, and Jeanne Segal. Child Abuse and Neglect. Help guide. Oct 2008. Web. 20 Nov 2009 â€Å"Preventing Child Sexual Abuse.† Stop it Now. Web. 23 Nov. 2009

Strongman by Tony Curtis and Mid-term break by Seamus Heaney :: English Literature

Strongman by Tony Curtis and Mid-term break by Seamus Heaney deal with the subject death of a family member. Compare both poems showing how the poets introduce their subjects. Which poem did you prefer and why? One of the poets, Tony Curtis, is Welsh, whilst, Seamus Heaney is Irish. Seamus Heaney has grown up on a farm in Northern Ireland with his brothers and his parents. The whole family has taken on the family business of farming, while Seamus Heaney received an education. Both poets are still alive today. These two poems describe the deaths of a family member. The "Mid-term break" is the tragic death of Heaney's four-year-old brother and the poem progresses over twenty-four hours. "Strongman" is describing the author's strong, caring father who dies naturally in "his final hour". While the "Mid-Term Break" had an awkward and devastating mood the "Strongman" has a more positive outlook on the family member's death as it looks back into the younger, happier times. There are a few other comparisons that can be made, whilst the "Mid-Term Break" is a death that shocked people, the "Strongman" was a peaceful and easy to accept death. In this essay I intend to look at the differences and similarities in the poems. The first poem I intend to discuss is "Mid-Term Break" by Seamus Heaney. The title "Mid-Term Break" suggests the poem is about children as we associate a mid-term break with school holidays. Other first impressions given in this poem relate to poor health or death. We relate to this due to the use of nouns such as "sick bay" and adverbs describing school bells as "knelling". This could also be reflecting the emotions of the child in the sick bay; at this point we are not sure. The structure is interesting, because at first glance we see that it has a regular pattern to it, which are three lines to each stanza. This possibly implies that the events that take place in the poem are predictable. However, the final line is a stanza on it's own, drawing you to it and creating a large impact on the audience. In the second stanza an awkward atmosphere and tone is introduced. The poet meets his "father crying"; this is one of the factors that make this stanza awkward. Men in the days when this poem was written (1966) were stereotypically thought of as strong people emotionally and physically, therefore, for the young poet to see his father crying on the porch would have made him feel uneasy. Furthermore, the dash at the end if each line causes the lines to flow as one sentence, this is

The Constitution of Malaysia

Malaysia is known for its richness of multicultural and multi-racial country which is spread between Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. Despite being one huge political unit, it has different set of rules and law to comply with. Malaysia law can be classified into various sources, mainly are written law, unwritten law and Muslim law. Written law comprises The Federal Constitution which is the supreme law of the land and State Constitution, a range of constitutions regulating the governments of thirteen states in Malaysia.Second written law is the Legislation law which is endorsed by Parliament and Legislative Assemblies at the federal and state level respectively. Final source of written law is the Subsidiary legislation as states in the Interpretation Act ‘any proclamation, rule, regulation, order, notification, by-law or other instrument made under any Ordinance, Enactment or other lawful authority and having legislative effect’. Malaysia has huge amount of subsid iary legislation.Subsidiary legislation is referred to law made through powers delegated by the legislature mainly Ministers and local authorities. Only Subsidiary legislation made in a proclamation of emergency under Article 150 of the Federal Constitution is accepted , other breaching of either a parent Act or the Constitution is voided. Unwritten law under the Malaysian law is the law which is not written or found in Federal and State Constitutions. It is also not endorsed by the Parliament or the State Assemblies.Unwritten law comprises of Judicial decisions of the superior courts Principles of English Law and Customs law. Judicial decisions using the systematical method called `doctrine of binding judicial precedent` at the High Court, Court of Appeal and the Federal Court followed by Supreme Court can still be found in Malaysian law. Nevertheless the decisions made by Federal Court and Judicial Committee of the Privy Council are still binding on the present court. Binding or p ersuasive is a process of adjudication, this is after argument and before the judge reaches the conclusion.The judge will formulate and apply a legal principle in accordance with certain rules to form a guide for future. The judge will provide reason for reaching a decision or the legal principles behind the decision; this may bind other similar disputes in future. Binding precedents depends on the court’s position in the hierarchy of the courts. These are binding until they are reversed or overruled, where else persuasive precedents are those which are not binding authorities. Another important unwritten law is the Principles of English Law.It consists of Common Law and Equity. The common Law is the body of rules developed by the old common law courts of England which no longer exist. It is established on customs common throughout England. On the other hand, Equity is the body of incomplete rules developed as a supplement to Common Law to correct defects and to reduce the ha rshness. Even though English Law forms part of the Malaysian law, the facts and rules stated are only part of the entire law of English common law and rules of Equity.Principles of English Common Law and rules of Equity received and applied in Malaysia Legal System is by virtue of the Civil Law Act 1956 (Revised01972) . Under Section 3(1) of the Civil Law Act, 1995 states that in Peninsular Malaysia, the courts shall apply the common law of England and the rules of equity as administrated in England on 7th April, 1956. As for Sabah and Sarawak, the courts shall apply the common law of England and the rules of equity, together with statutes of general application, as administrated or in force in England on 1st December 1951 and 12 December 1949 respectively.Application of common law of England is subjected to two limitations; firstly Local law takes priority over common law. Common Law is applied only in the absence of local statues. It is only meant to fill up gaps in the legal syst em in Malaysia. Secondly, part of common law which suits the local circumstances is applied. Common Law was initially introduced to the Straits Settlements through Royal Charters of Justice which was then extended to the Malay states through administrative arrangements. Finally the third unwritten law of Malaysian law is the Customary law.Malaysia is known as a multi-religious country, the multiracial local population of Malaysia is also a source of law which has been accepted by the Malaysian courts. Mostly family law limits, namely marriage, divorce and inheritance are given legal force by the courts of Malaysia. In peninsular Malaysia, `Adat` applies to Malays, there are two main diversities of Malay customary, the adat pepatih and adat temenggong. Adat pepatih is mainly known for the matrilineal system where else the adat temenggong is a patrilineal system of law.As for the Hindu and Chinese, prior to the enforcement of the Law Reform Hindu and Chinese customary law is applied t o Hindu and Chinese respectively. The Law Reform includes abolishing polygamous marriages, since then, Chinese and Hindu customs have become minimal to almost no effect as a source of law in Malaysia. In Sabah and Sarawak, native customary laws apply in land dealing over native customary lands and family matters where natives subject themselves to native customary laws. Other indigenous people of Malaysia apart from Sabah and Sarawak are the aborigines.There is an aboriginal customary law for the aboriginal people under the law of Malaysia. In contrast to the source of law discussed previously, Muslim law or Islamic law continues to grow in importance as another source of law just like the written and unwritten law as part of Malaysian law. Government policies of absorbing Islamic values in administration by introducing Islamic banking and Islamic insurance where Muslim law and Islamic principles are applicable is part of the renaissance of Islam in Malaysia.Also the Federal Constit ution has provided that State has the power to administer Muslim Law. The head of the Muslim religion in State is the Sultan. Muslim law is applied only to Muslims and the courts which enforce Muslim law are the Syariah Courts. Malaysian Islamic law is of the Shafii school jurisprudence, as modified by Malay adat, which was discussed under customary law, Malay adat law. This Islamic law falls into two main categories; the primary and secondary sources. Primary sources are Qur’an which is the Word of Allah and Sunnah is rules deducted from the traditions.The secondary sources are more to the means of discovering the law rather than source. These sources are Ijma which is consensus of jurists of any particular era on a juridical rule and Qiyas which are the deductions from reasoning by ijtihad or analogy. Initially Islamic law was not included in the definition of law; this was even after the independence of the Federation of Malaya. Federal Constitution was declared as the sup reme law . Before amendment in 1988, Article 121 Clause (1A) Syariah courts were excluded.However, upon recommendation from Alliance Party, a provision was added to the original draft of Reid Constitution Commission where Article 3 of Federal Constitution declares that ‘Islam is the religion of the Federation’. Article 3 appeared with necessary qualification that ‘other religions may be practiced in peace and harmony in any part of the Federation’. However there are clauses to ensure non-Muslim’s civil rights are also not affected. At any official functions, Islamic way of prayers is being offered.Islam being the official religion of the federation has two main consequences, firstly, the government (federal or state) may lawfully establish or maintain, or assist in establishing or maintaining, Islamic institution, or provide or assist in providing instruction in Islam, and incur the necessary expenditure for these purpose. Secondly, through annual Su pply Acts and Enactments, may spend money on the administration of Islamic law. Also in some of the cases for marriages where a non-Muslim is involved, Islamic law takes precedence over the common law.The religion of a child from previous marriage is determined by the parents of the child , in the case of where the consent is not given the minor will remain in the religion of the parent at the time of marriage . Furthermore polygamy marriages are allowed with judicial permission dependent upon application and court hearing should be with the existence of wife or wives. Judicial permission is requested only upon permission granted for marriages by the existing wife or wives. As Muslim Law is one of the main sources of law in the county, Malaysia became a member of Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) when it was established in 1969.OIC is a major organization of Islamic States that voices and coherent Muslim opinion on issues which are affecting the Islamic States. Other asso ciations where Malaysia is involved will be ASEAN where Malaysia was one of the first five countries to establish ASEAN in 1967. It was established to work together amongst the members of the association to speedup the economic growth, social progress as well as cultural development jointly to strengthen and prosperous with peaceful in amongst Southeast Asian Nations.Also to support regional peace and stability for justice and the rule of law in relationship amongst the member’s countries, making sure it adhere to the principles of United Nations Charter. ASEAN also provides assistance amongst the members in form of training and research facilities in the educational, professional, technical and administrative spheres. Other Malaysian involvement in reference to Asia-Pacific concerning economic growth is APEC which aims to support sustainable economic growth and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region. This is done by multiple different encouragement and enhancements.Apart from regional involvement, Malaysia does have collaboration with particular country which may not be part of ASEAN or APEC to jointly enhance for the benefits of both countries. Malaysia has jointly signed agreement to work together in multiple areas with many other countries. Malaysia has been involved in relationship with countries like China and India since before independence was declared in 1957. Till today Malaysia has been maintaining the well established relationship especially with these two countries by getting into agreement in multiple collaborations.Chinese is the second largest race in Malaysia followed by Indian since they were brought in by the British Empire before independence. Chinese migrated to Malaysia vastly as coolies in tin mining industry and rubber plantation. Although it is said that Chinese have been in â€Å"Malaya† since Malacca Empire in 15th Century . Today, 25% of the country populations are Chinese which are made up of various dialect groups suc h as the Hokkien, the Hakka, the Cantonese, the Teochew, the Hainanese, the Hokchiu and etc. who have intermarried extensively with each other.The Chinese have dedicated media and publication exposure for example daily newspapers, dedicated Chinese language radio stations and daily broadcast from all terrestrial television stations . Till date Chinese communities still perform traditional art, the lion dance and the dragon dance mainly during Chinese New Year. Chinese New Year is declared as a national public holiday where there Chinese celebrate the New Year by fulfilling most of the tradition and cultural activities. However the fireworks or firecrackers are part of the Chinese culture which has been ban in Malaysia due to safety reason .For the Chinese, apart from the myth that says firecrackers are to frighten away the â€Å"Nian†, it also signifies a joyful time of year which is an important element of Chinese New Year celebrations . On the other hand, the Indians starte d migration to Malaysia for the purpose of plantation labour, traders, policemen and colonial soldiers. Some English-speaking Indians were also brought to work in the British colonial government . However just like the Chinese, it is said that the Indians have been here from more then 500 years ago.Initially the Arabs and the Indians mainly the Indian Muslims from Gujerat came to Malaya as traders and merchants. Now the Indian population in Malaysia is 8% which is made up from Tamil, Malayalam, Telegu, Punjabi, Bengali, Gujerati and etc. Just like the Chinese, Indians also have dedicated media and publication exposure of daily newspapers, dedicated Indian language radio stations and daily broadcast from all terrestrial television stations. This is mainly in Tamil language as 80% of the Indian communities are the Tamils (South Indians) .Diwali aka Deepavali is the most significant celebration of Indian community where national holiday is acknowledged for. Fireworks during Diwali are to mark several significant , however in respect to the law it is not legally practiced in this country. Another tradition not being legally practice is gambling under Act 495 Betting ACT 1953. Among other tradition obstructed by the Malaysian law is the architecture of a Sikh Gurdwara should not have a dome to avoid the Muslims to mistaken that for a mosque .

Religious Thanksgiving Quotes

Religious Thanksgiving Quotes Before we begin the sumptuous Thanksgiving feast, we must remember to offer our thanks to the Supreme Being who has showered us with blessings and fortune. In our prayers, let us remember those who have barely enough to feed or clothe themselves. Let the kindness in your heart reach out to the million starving souls who feast on dry bread and salt. We often question the presence of God and his miracles. But we must acknowledge that every day is a miracle, and His merciful benevolence has seen us through the tough times. The Thanksgiving feast is the proof of His love and we are blessed to share the feast with our loved ones. Here are some religious Thanksgiving quotes to make your Thanksgiving Day special. Use these to say a simple prayer of thanks, offering God your unconditional love and devotion. Thanksgiving Quotes Hebrews 13:15 By him therefore let us offer the sacrifice of praise to God continually, that is, the fruit of our lips giving thanks to his name. Jerry Bridges, Respectable Sins Giving thanks to God for both His temporal and spiritual blessings in our lives is not just a nice thing to do - it is the moral will of God. Failure to give Him the thanks due Him is sin. Jeremy Taylor God is pleased with no music below so much as with the thanksgiving songs of relieved widows and supported orphans; of rejoicing, comforted, and thankful persons. David,  Psalm 57:7 - 9 My heart is fixed, O God, my heart is fixed: I will sing and give praise. Awake up, my glory; awake, psaltery and harp: I myself will awake early. I will praise thee, O Lord, among the people: I will sing unto thee among the nations. William Shakespeare O Lord that lends me life, Lend me a heart replete with thankfulness. Henry Ward Beecher Remember Gods bounty in the year. String the pearls of His favor. Hide the dark parts, except so far as they are breaking out in light! Give this one day to thanks, to joy, to gratitude! Apostle Paul, 2 Corinthians 9:15 Thanks be unto God for his unspeakable gift. John Clayton Thanksgiving is a season that is very much in accord with the themes and teachings of Jesus Christ. There is no racial or ethnic involvement in Thanksgiving, and people who may be very distant from the Christian system can see the beauty and the positive spirit that comes from the holiday. George Herbert Thou hast given so much to me, Give one thing more, - a grateful heart; Not thankful when it pleaseth me, As if Thy blessings had spare days, But such a heart whose pulse may be Thy praise. Thomas Watson God takes away the world that the heart may cleave more to Him in sincerity. Psalm 50:23 He who brings an offering of praise and thanksgiving honors and glorifies Me; and he who orders his way aright [who prepares the way that I may show him], to him I will demonstrate the salvation of God. Samuel Adams It is therefore recommended to set apart Thursday the eighteenth day of December next, for solemn thanksgiving and praise that with one heart and one voice the good people may express the grateful feelings of their hearts and consecrate themselves to the service of their divine benefactor. Psalm 95:2 Let us come before him with thanksgiving and extol him with music and song. Theodore Roosevelt No people on earth have more cause to be thankful than ours, and this is said reverently, in no spirit of boastfulness in our own strength, but with the gratitude to the Giver of good who has blessed us. Thomas Merton, Thoughts on Solitude Our knowledge of God is perfected by gratitude: we are thankful and rejoice in the experience of the truth that He is love. Psalm 26:7 That I may make the voice of thanksgiving heard and may tell of all Your wondrous works.

buy custom Anxiety Disorders essay

buy custom Anxiety Disorders essay Anxiety disorders are a group of mental health problems that affects about 40 million adult Americans. At some point in life, at least one in four people have an anxiety disorder that need treatment at some point. Anxiety disorders defer per person, while other people have less severe anxieties like fear of snakes or spiders hence need not seek treatment, other people have severe anxieties that they need to be treated. This paper will discuss disorders, classifications, diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders (ADs). Types of Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders are classified into the following; Panic Disorder Panic disorder is classified as a real sickness that is characterized by sudden terror attacks accompanied by weakness, faintness, sweatiness and dizziness. During the attacks, people affected by the condition feel chilled while their hands feel numb or may be tingling while they may be experiencing nausea, pain especially in the chest or some sensations. Panic attacks produce a sense of unreality and the fear of losing control (National institute of mental health). People with this kind of condition believe that they suffer from heart attacks, can lose their minds or are in the verge of dying. They affected people are unable to predict when or where the next attack can occur. Panic attacks occur anytime even while asleep and last for about 10 minutes or sometimes more. The condition affects about 6 million American adults and is very common in women than men and the condition begins in late adolescence. The condition begins as a panic attack although not all panic attacks lead to panic disorders. The tendency to have a panic attack is linked to inheritance. Panic disorder is one of the most of all other disorders and early treatment of condition is recommended to avoid agrophobia. The condition responds well to most medication or to cognitive psychotherapy. Treatment generally is to help the patient change thinking patterns that leads to fear and later anxiety. Other conditions like depression, alcohol abuse can be treated separately (National institute of mental health). Obsession-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) This is a condition that is characterized by persistent upsetting obsessions (thoughts) and the use of rituals (compulsions) to control the anxiety produced by the thoughts. Usually the compulsions end up controlling the patients (Dr. Mulholland). An example is a person who is obsessed with dirt, he/she develops a compulsion to wash hands every now and then while if it is for intruders they may be locking and unlocking the door several times before going to sleep. Overdoing such compulsions is not a pleasurable idea although it produces a temporal relief from the obsessive thoughts. OCD affects about 2.2 million American adults. The problem then may be accompanied by other anxiety disorders or result into a depression and can appear in childhood, adolescences or early adulthood. Research shows that OCD may run in some families. COD symptoms vary over time but if severe the condition can keep one from carrying normal duties either at home or work. Luckily, OCD responds well to treatment with use of certain medicines and psychotherapy in which relaxes the patient and become less sensitive (National institute of mental health). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) PTSD is an anxiety that develops after a certain terrifying ordeal like a physical harm or a threat for the same or by witnessing a harmful even. PTSD results from a variety of traumatic events like torture, rape, mugging, being kidnapped or natural terrifying event like tsunamis or floods. People with the condition relieve the disturbance in their thoughts or as nightmares when asleep in what is called flashbacks. These flashbacks consist of images, feelings, smell or sounds by these occurrences. These flashbacks may make a person lose touch with reality and have the feeling that the incident is happening all over again (National institute of mental health). Symptoms begin three months after the incident happened and may emerge years afterwards. Different affected people have varying PSTD while others do not develop even a minor PSTD. Some people may recover within a short period while others may take longer but in some people the condition become chronic. The condition may be accompanied by depression, substance abuse or result into more other anxiety disorders. PSTD affects about 7.7 million adult Americans but the condition can affect any person of any age and women are known to more likely develop the condition than men although evidence suggests that susceptibility may run in families. Certain kinds of medicine and psychotherapy are known to treat PSTD symptoms effectively. Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder) This is an anxiety that is developed from fear of embarrassment or humiliation in social places like in public speaking. It is diagnosed when people become extremely and excessively self-conscious in social situations. People with the condition develop an intense and persistent fear of being judged by others or by embarrassing themselves. Many people may realize that they have the problem but are not able to overcome their fears (National institute of mental health). Symptoms for the disorder include blushing, difficulty in talking and sweating. The condition affects about 15 million adult Americans and women are most likely to develop the condition than men. It begins in childhood or at early adolescence. The condition can be treated successfully with use of certain medications or psychotherapy. Specific Phobias A specific phobia is described as an intense, extreme and apprehensive fear of specific conditions or things that have no apparent harm or causes no specific danger. Some of the common specific phobias include those centered on tunnels, heights, flying, driving, dogs or injuries resulting to shedding of blood. People with this kind of fear find it hard to face the feared object or condition as it causes severe anxiety (National institute of mental health). This condition affects 19.2 million adult American and it is twice in women as in men. Appearing in childhood, specific phobias persist into adulthood although research suggests that it may run in families. Specific phobias are known to respond very well to targeted psychotherapy and affected people should avoid the situation that causes anxiety. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) This is characterized by a constant, apprehensive feeling that something bad is going to happen. People suffering from exaggerated worry are overly concerned about their health, finances, work or family problems. GAD is generally diagnosed when a person continues worrying about certain problems for more than 6 months and the person seems not to get rid of their concerns despite realizing that they have a problem. Symptoms include failure to relax, concentrate or having trouble sleeping. Physical symptoms include fatigue, muscle ache, trembling, headaches, sweating, hot flashes and naausea. With mild conditions, these people can carry out their duties normally although they cannot avoid the situation. Evidence suggests that genes play an important role in GAD and it affects children and young adults. GAD rarely occurs alone and as a result other anxieties accompany it. GAD is treated with medication or with cognitive-behavioral therapy (Brown et al., p.155-157). Diagnosis Anxiety Disorders Diagnosis of ADs is done by physically examining the patient and assessing his/her personal history. During diagnosis, it is important that the doctor uncovers any medical problems that may be masked by the anxiety attack. The patient will be required to describe if there is any occurrence of ADs in the family and if there is any contributing factors to his/her condition like a stressful event or recent life changes. Any condition like excessive drinking or substance abuse or change of moods should be communicated to the doctor. Diagnosing children is difficult but doctors should look into the history of the family and closely ach the child in question (University of Maryland Medical Center). Health professional cans also use a handbook called Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) to make diagnoses (Cuncic) Treatment of Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders are treated with specific type of psychotherapy, medication or both. The choice of treatment depends on the patients preference. People with anxiety disorder should seek medical intervention before the condition can take a toll on them. Medication Although medicines do not cure ADs, they keep them under control while the patient receives psychotherapy. Medications are to be prescribed by physicians (usually psychiatrists) who can offer psychotherapy or assist psychologists and or social workers to provide psychotherapy. Proper use of medication cures many AD patients who can then lead normal lives once again. Some of the medicines administered include antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs. Antidepressants are developed to treat depression and can be effective against ADs. These medicines can start to work immediately but they take about 4-6 weeks to take full effect. Some of the common antidepressants include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Tricyclics and Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Anti-Anxiety Drugs include the high-potency benzadiazephines that combat anxiety and are known to have few side effects. Anti-Anxiety Drugs are usually prescribed for short periods because people easily get used to them. Beta-blockers like propranolol are used to treat heart conditions as well as preventing symptoms that accompany ADs (Health.com). Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is the act of talking to trained mental health professional like a psychologist, social worker or a psychiatrist to discover the cause and how to deal with the anxiety. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is especially useful to treating ADs. Usually it is done in such a way to help people alter peoples thinking ways that help them to support their fears or how they react to certain situations. CBT can last up to 12 weeks or longer especially for OCD, social phobia and PTSD. Conclusion Although the cause of ADs is not exactly known, the condition is not due poor upbringing or a weakness. If diagnosed with the condition, patients are advised to seek medical care. The best treatment for many people is a combination of medication with CBT. Buy custom Anxiety Disorders essay

Business Plan for a Startup Business Research Proposal

Business Plan for a Startup Business - Research Proposal Example Planning facilitates him to identify problems that require outside sources of information and help. The nature of markets and customer needs alter rapidly. Planning cannot forecast alteration but it helps an individual to identify it and map his business policy accordingly. Small businesses tend to either cultivate too rapidly for their capital base or too sluggishly to sustain cash flow. Planned growth facilitates him to plan his capital requirements in advance and to guarantee that funds are accessible when one needs them. A detailed Business Plan allows one to scrutinize his results against a prearranged set of objectives and performance principles (Business Planning, n.d.; Business Plan for a Startup Business, n.d.). The rationale behind forming a business plan is that one can expect problems that are likely to take place and decide how they should be dealt with in advance. For instance, a lot of small business proprietors spend so much time ‘putting out the fires’. A business plan often helps an individual to justify his deeds. Often, one chooses to do something because it ‘sounds’ or ‘feels’ right. Preparing a Business Plan compels one to confirm the validity, or at least consider the logic behind one’s plans. Business proposal implies one’s capability and commitment. It is a remarkable document if it is well prepared. It helps us to convince the outsiders, for example, lenders and suppliers that one comprehends the business. It is a long-standing management tool by which decisions can be taken for the future that best suit the intentions of the business. The business proposal helps in scrutinizing and assessing the new business opportunities , proposes a case for finance, and portrays a lucid picture of the business and its prospect.

Critically examine the ways in which practices of security are Essay

Critically examine the ways in which practices of security are changing in response to concerns about globalisation - Essay Example In this regard, information technology has virtually broken the geographical barriers to trade that had undermined economic development in the last century (Coaffee, 2006). Globalization has created as sense of interdependence in all realms of human existence resulting to both negative and positive consequences. On one hand, the developments form an enabling environment for attaining economic success, enhancement of better political systems in addition to promotion of peace and harmonious coexistence. On the other hand, globalization has created influential forces resulting to social fragmentation. Consequently, social vulnerabilities have occurred resulting to unprecedented levels of violence, conflict and insecurity. Moreover, economic disparities brought by globalization have occurred, causing economic crises across international borders. These events have created hardships across the world, which contributes significantly in development of security threats (Corva, 2008). Overview of insecurity in context to globalization Security threats have become global in nature and more serious because of wide spread application of information technology. According to Davis (2009) application of this technology has resulted to enhanced transfer and sharing of knowledge that has also been made possible by easy movement of people. Researchers attribute the increasing levels of insecurity to the effects of globalization. Combination of these developments coupled with the increasing economic interactions has resulted to mass resentment and problems that form the root cause of global insecurity. However, globalization has resulted to positive developments by offering new opportunities for the achieving economic growth and democracy (Davis, 2009). These positive effects of globalization can be used to counter the adverse effects of globalization by addressing its root causes. September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States highlighted the dangers of globalization whereby the Al-Qaida terror organization executed the attacks using the developments from globalization, including effective communication technologies, global financial networks, and easy movement of people because of better modes of transport (Davis 2009). The international community responded swiftly after the terror attack and since then, enforcement of security changed dramatically. Currently, security measures are not confined to surveillance but are now more extensive, addressing issues affecting human security such as democracy, climate change, poverty, immigration, in addition to drug trafficking (Davis, 2009). According to Heuer (1999), human security is concerned with how people live in the society and it ranges from political governance to the economic wellbeing of the people in local and international context. It entails how people exercise their free will, how they access market and social opportunities and whether they live in peace or conflict (Heuer, 1999). Campbell (2005) argued that human insecurity affects not only economic development, but also other realms of existence. In this respect Campbell, (2005) identified seven important areas of human security. These include economic, food, health security, environmental and personal security. In addition, community security and political security are important areas of concern for addressing the current security threats in the world. In a