Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Fallow's viva bilingualism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Fallow's viva bilingualism - Essay Example He notes that the initiatives are based on American fears. One of the fears is that the human brain cannot be able to accommodate different languages. The other fear is noted that America’s fear that English language is likely to be edged by other languages. In his argument, Fallows notes that it is possible for the brain to accommodate different languages. He notes competence gained by those who speak various languages such as in Indonesia and Malaysia. Fallows further notes that countries such as Japan have been encouraging study of English as a way of boosting communication. This is seen as a way of boosting prominence of English language rather than a threat to the existence of language. Analysis of the author essay will help in highlighting the intention of the author. The author makes several claims in the essay. The first major claim is that the reason Americans are against bilingualism is that they view it as polygamy. The perception of bilingualism as polygamy makes Americans shy away from embracing other languages. In America society, polygamy is seen as failing to work as it leads to skewed commitment to the spouse. Commitment of man to one wife is seen as depleting what is available for the other wife. The same analogy is used in the English language. The author notes that the perception is that there is less room in individual’s brain. Hence, commitment to one language such as Spanish would mean lack of room to learn and understand another language such as English. The author uses statistics to highlight the reason for such behavior. He notes â€Å"Ninety –nine percent of all Americans can happily live their lives speaking and thinking about no other language but English†(Fallows, n.d, p 260). The other major claim by the author is that fear of bilingualism is based on perceived threat to English language. He notes that
Monday, October 28, 2019
Cormac McCarthy’s The Road Essay Example for Free
Cormac McCarthy’s The Road Essay Life can be cruel. In most cases, it squeezes the hell out of us. Nevertheless, the challenge is to come out unscathed. But do we always achieve this? And if so, what do we get out of every excruciating pain we have to endure?            The road to recovery has so many twists and turns. It is a test of strength but more so of faith. It is about believing in something we do not even see. The kind of person we become out of life’s most ultimate test defines who we are.            How many of us could actually say that living life is a breeze? Who have not known pain? Who can claim that life was pure pleasure? Who has never cried a tear?            All of us have been tested by time at one time or the other. We have been bitten by its pangs a couple of times over. We have been bloodied at countless instances. We have cried a pail full of tears.            Yet, we continue to breathe. The sun sets and rises every single day of our lives. We battle it out today for tomorrow has a challenge of its own. We have to gain as much strength as we have lost or if possible, much greater. This is all because pain will not die at the end of day. Most probably, it will wake up the same morning we open our eyes from sleep. Throughout the course of our life’s struggle we do not usually travel alone. Someone keeps us company. Even just for a while, we journey life’s path with a companion. It makes the burden a lot easier and even more meaningful. We are reminded that life after all is about building relationships that sees us through the most trying of times. Life gives us people to guide and accompany us as we thread down the road. Sometimes they live long enough to witness our feat. But usually they do not. Nevertheless, they serve their purpose. They provide comfort whenever we are afraid. They wipe our tears dry and lull us to sleep to regain lost strength. They give us hope in the most miserable of circumstances. They teach us to see another day as a chance to turn things around.            When every one else have left, who do we turn to? When the material wealth we have is none, how can we move on? When fate turns against us, what is the chance for survival? When it seems to be the world versus one man, is success hiding beneath the clouds of doubt? Whenever life robs us of our possessions, may we find comfort in knowing that we have not lost it all. Our family will remain to be the wealth exclusively our own. Neither fate nor circumstance can take it away from us. It is something ours, and ours alone.            A father’s love can be the only thing that can make us possibly walk another mile. It could ease the pain in our hearts knowing that someone is guiding us through. Whenever doubt seems to restrict every movement we make, let us be reminded that our father’s strength runs through our veins.            The story about a father and a son is not uncommon for many of us. Universal as a literary theme is its message. It transcends age, culture, race and tradition. It speaks a language known by all. It is something that lives and outlives generations and beyond.            A father and son’s story is about strength. It is about keeping tears from falling even if you just wanted to succumb and cry. It is about learning to be a man as fate continues to challenge his ability to remain brave and undefeated. Nothing can be more painful than seeing death happen right through our very eyes. Nothing can be more frightening than the thought that the next victim could possibly be me. Nothing can be more frustrating than realizing that tomorrow will just be like any other day of violence and death. Nothing can be much harder than believing that things happen for a reason.            How can we possibly live when life on earth seems to be empty, both literally and figuratively? We all know that it would not always be a bed of roses. But why does it seem to be usually a bed of thorns? How much pain can a man endure? What is the real essence of suffering?            Cormac McCarthy’s novel entitled The Road, is dedicated to his son, John Francis McCarthy. The novel a finalist of the National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction and a recipient of both the James Tait Black Memorial Prize and the Pulitzer Price for fiction unfolds the journey of a man and a boy across a post – apocalyptic panorama. The background signifies what was left after a great cataclysm made existence on this earth almost unheard of (McCarthy, 2006). Whoever said that life must go on may not know of a lot about surviving death. Whenever we witness death, it feels like a part of us has also stopped breathing. It leaves us numb and unaware that the world around us continues to run its course. Life must go on indeed. This statement must be true after all. No matter how hard and how unimaginable it may seem we are all compelled to do it just the same. We cannot pause for a moment and recollect our lost selves before anything else. Time passes by and once lost, it can never be regained. Sometimes, we just got to keep on moving no matter what. Move on and go on and trust that life may lead us to rest right when we need it the most. Death should remind us that life is lived just once. We may not be able to control what lies on the bend of the road, but we still have to thread it, nevertheless. Death reminds us that we have to give meaning to our existence. This is the challenge we all have to face. In the dark tunnel of death, life is the light at the end of it. It may be seen as a symbol of a cycle. Every end can be the start of something new. For every chapter of life that has been told precedes another story yet to unfold. This is but the cycle of life. It is a never ending story about life and death. More importantly, it is a challenge of living a life of worth to make death as important. For death could mean something only if the life lost left a void. There may be times when giving up is all too tempting. Enduring the most painful events of life is really too exhausting. These are the moments when we beg of death. These are the times when life appears to be worthless. We are sometimes too consumed by pain that we seem to believe that life is hell on earth. Life does not come without pain.  Every once in a while or sometimes a little too often pain is thrown on our way. Whenever it does, it reminds us that we are very much alive. It makes us feel so human. It makes things so real. The sweetness of pain lies on our ability to bear its bitterness. Even so, life may not really be all about pain and suffering. We can surely get some sweetness from it when we squeeze it dry. There is some kind of balance in the world we live in. Goodness surely lies on some corner. It may take time and a lot of effort in between, but it is there as it has always been. The most challenging of all circumstances teaches a lesson or two. Things happen not to make man resolve into thinking that life is a crazy game of pessimism. While there is ruthlessness, there is goodness. Goodness comes in the most unexpected of packages. It comes during the most unanticipated of times. It comes when we have almost given up. It comes at just the right moment to remind us that it was worth it to hold on. Holding on is oftentimes the only thing left to do. It may not be the most logical but it could possibly be the most practical. Some people come into our lives and quietly go but they leave us a message that speaks so clear and sound. It is from strangers that we gain the wisdom we would not have otherwise known. And this could be the beauty of life. That after all the pain, we may be able to smile again. Just when we thought that we can never know life to be kind, someone teaches us the value of optimism. When gravity seems to pull us down while trying to hold on with all our might, a helping hand extends for the taking. Just when we get so near the end of our rope, let us find comfort that someone is at the other end to take over.   They pull us through when we might have lost all the strength that is left. They are once a stranger we crossed paths with. But before the road takes us to yet another bend, each other are no more strangers. For that walk we shared has left some of the most important lessons we can never forget. Life is hard but we are tougher. It can take away everything but we can always leave some bit of hope deep inside our hearts. We may not have anymore tears left to cry. We may be left with broken bones and battered ego. But if we continue to struggle along the road and combat every imaginable obstacle there is, we can still be hailed victors of the finest kind. May we not lose hope on the promise of yet another sunrise no matter how painful life has made known itself to man. Life takes on a whole new meaning when it is lived not for thy self. A life lived in this way is noble in all the ways that matter. References BBC.co.uk. (2007, April 17). Novelist McCarthy wins Pulitzer. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6563291.stm Chabon, M. The New York Review of Books. (2007, February 15). After the Apocalypse. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http://www.nybooks.com/articles/19856. Conlon, M. Reuters. (2007, June 5). Writer Cormac McCarthy confides in Oprah Winfrey. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSN0526436120070605?pageNumber=1. Empire. (2007, April 2). John Hillcoat Hits The Road An adaptation of Cormac McCarthy’s novel. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=20573. Guardian.co.uk. (2007, October 30). Civilisation ends with a shutdown of human concern. Are we there already? Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/story/0,,2201594,00.html. Jones, M. (2006). On the Lost Highway. Newsweek. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http://services.newsweek.com//search.aspx?offset=0pageSize=10sortField=pu bdatetimesortDirection=descendingmode=summaryq=on+the+lost+highway site-search-submit.x=33site-search-submit.y=7 Keller, J. (2007). Oprah’s selection a real shocker; Winfrey, McCarthy strange bookfellows. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/1246151131.html?dids=12461 51131:1246151131FMT=ABSFMTS=ABS:FTtype=currentdate=Mar+29 %2C+2007author=Julia+Kellerpub=Chicago+Tribuneedition=startpage=1 desc=Oprah%27s+selection+a+real+shocker+. Kennedy, W. (2001). Left Behind. The New York Times. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/08/books/review/Kennedy.t.html?ex=1189396800en=6d113b5a5cbaf19bei=5070 McCarthy, C. (2006). The Road. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. National Book Critics Circle. (2006). NBCC Awards Finalists. Retrieved February 26, 2008, from http://www.bookcritics.org/?go=finalists
Saturday, October 26, 2019
War In The Falklands :: essays research papers
War in the Falklands Fact: April 2, 1982, Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands At 4:30 A.M., helicopters had started to land on Mullet Creek; they were the first of the many invaders from Argentina. At 6:08 A.M., an attack was at full fledge. The Argentina government had claimed that they told their men it was to be a bloodless fight, but that was not the case. Argentineans busted down barrack doors and began to throw powerful grenades into the barracks and killing many unsuspecting men. Fact: February 26, 1982, The war could have been prevented On February 1982, there was supposed to be a meeting where the British government would hold a meeting with the Argentinean government to talk about preventing the war. This was a two-day event in New York, the first day the Argentineans were to host the meeting, but there was a glitch in planning, and the dates were to be changed. The leaders were under so much pressure, that some said they were going to breakdown. What basically happened at the meeting, was that both sides could not come to agreement. This resulted in a war.      Nobody really knew who owned the Falkland Islands. Some thought Spain, Argentina thought they owned it, and Britain thought they owned it. No agreements could be made. Fact: The war of the Falklands was a perfect opportunity to unleash state of the art weapons on the opponents. Later, after the first invasions, some messages went out over the radios. The first ones told people of a small invasion, then they began broadcasting from live sights, complete with gun fire in the background.      There were a lot of battles that went on between the British and the Argentineans. The British won some, and the Argentineans won others. They were all fighting for the Falklands. These were a group of small islands that were all bunched up. You could not use the islands for much, seeing as that they were craggy mountains. That would not make for very productive farm land, but there were a lot of mountain lions and goats.      After the many battles, many deaths and many tests on weapons, the British had won the War in the Falklands. This war was won both in military action, and in speech. Most say to end violence in verbal communication, but verbal communication was a giant factor in the beginning of this war. Conclusion      This book had a couple aspects of history, it had facts, told the reader how the British government thought, and even had some of the British speech in it. I learned how the Falklands were fought over, in the sense of military
Thursday, October 24, 2019
External Factors Essay
External factors are a number of influencing factors which are not controlled by the company but will impact pricing decisions. It includes of legal, consumer trends, technological, and competitors. Our company focuses on technological and competitor as external factors that influencing price setting on matcha collagen biscuits. Competition factors can look into three areas which are monopoly competition, perfect competition and oligopoly competition. Monopolistic competition is a situation where a single company or group controls the entire output of the market for a given type of product or service with any buyers. Besides, a monopoly is protected from competition by high barriers to entry and the product it produces has no close substitutes. Example of monopolistic competition is water service which supplier of water has no substitutes. Perfect competition is a market structure where there are a large number of buyers and sellers. There are a perfect knowledge of market condition and the price which no individual firm has any influence on the market price. The products in perfect competition are homogeneous which they can be substituted easily. Therefore, the company can entry or exit the industry without affecting the market. An oligopoly competition is a situation in which a particular market or industry is dominated by a small number of firms which compete against each other. There is an element of interdependence in the decision-making of these firms. Example of oligopoly competition are newspaper industry, petrol stations, and airlines. Our product’s price is influence of external factors which is perfect competition. This is because there are many firms produce an identical and homogeneous biscuit in the biscuit market such as Munchy, Tiger, and Jacobs. Besides, they are many sellers in the biscuit market which are Kraft, Julie, and Munchy as well as there is no dominating firm. Therefore, our company is considered as price takers which accepts market price determined by the forces of market demand and supply. Furthermore, all buyers and sellers have perfect knowledge about the prices of biscuits in the market. Hence, our company cannot simply set the price of matcha collagen biscuits to maximize its profit, this will cause our product easily substitute with another brand of biscuits. Moreover, our company has complete freedom of entry into and exit from the biscuit market without affecting the entire market. Technology is a business enabler that has a revolutionary impact on the actual conduct of business. It contributes to achieving desired business productivity and efficiency. Under technological, our company using advanced technology on manufacturing operation to produce matcha collagen biscuits. Examples, our company used the latest techniques and machinery in order to increase the production as well as maximize capacity. Furthermore, the creation of databases and electronic communications in our company have enabled vast quantities of information to be shared and quickly distributed within the company. Moreover, our company’s customer service department used communication technology to talk to customer but will also have access to internal systems, such as technology to simplify credit control and stock control. Therefore, shifts in technology and advances may affect costs, quality and overall innovation of our product which becomes a major factor of setting the right price f or matcha collagen biscuits.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Good and Evil in Bless Me Ultima Essay
The conscious of children is based on the influence of their surroundings; their notions of good and evil are the result of the moral atmosphere they breathe. In the novel Bless Me, Ultima the main character Antonio is exposed to good and evil. He is young and never really was exposed to evil since he is always home and safe away from it. Antonio is affected by the actions of good and evil throughout the book. The first time Antonio encountered evil was Lupito’s death. â€Å"I turned and ran. The dark shadows of the river enveloped me as a race for safety home†¦The horror of darkness had never been so complete as it was for me that night. †(pg. 22) Home is seen as the safest place for Antonio. He knows he is going to be comforted by Ultima or his mother and it’s the first place he thinks of going. Lupito is playing the part of evil. That is how Antonio sees is because all the men in town are after him†I prayed that he would listen to Narcisco and that the angry and frustrated men on the bridge would not commit moral sin†(pg. 21) Although Lupito is part of â€Å"evil†in the novel, Antonio doesn’t want anything to happen to him. Antonio is very religious and is why he doesn’t want anything to be done. He doesn’t want the men to sin and believes that God will forgive what Lupito did after all. The Second important encounter is when Florence dies. â€Å"It was a warm day. I felt the sweat cold on my face and arms. The sun Glistened on the wide waters of the lake. †(pg. 239). Antonio knows something is wrong when he sees the other boys screaming and shouting. At this point Antonio has confronted evil many times but this is an important event. After other occasions he has matured quite a bit and is growing into understanding life a little more. â€Å"It is god who has sinned against me! ’ his voice thundered, and we fell back in horror at the blasphemy he uttered. †(pg. 213)Florence for a while is seen as evil. He was one of the people who in a way corrupted the way Antonio thought and his beliefs. Florence isn’t aware he did such thing but Antonio stands strong with his religion. When Florence dies, he isn’t evil anymore. He is just a child that needed help in guiding him. The death affects Antonio for weeks and Ultima always seeks a way I how to comfort him. The last encounter in the whole novel is Ultima dying. â€Å"Ultima-’ I wanted to cry out, don’t die, Ultima. I wanted to rip death away from her and the owl. †(pg. 260) Since birth, Antonio is very attached to Ultima and the first day he met her as a young man she knows there would be something special between them. Shanking her hand he as well right away knows that there is something unexplainable. Ultima is the one who shows and guides him into whatever he needs to know since no one ever takes the time to do so. â€Å".. and after mass we would take her body to the cemetery in Las Pasturas for burial. But all that would only be the ceremony that was prescribed by custom. Ultima was really buried here. Tonight. †(pg. 262) Ultima is the good who people make her seem evil. Others try making Antonio believe that she isn’t a good person but him and his family knows for a fact that it isn’t true. Tenorio is the Evil throughout the book. His stubbornness doesn’t let anyone get through to him and gets others to think that Ultima isn’t good. In the end she is exposed to everyone but there is nothing that could be done since she has passed away. Antonio is devastated but has grown. There is nothing that could be done. Good and evil stream throughout the novel. Antonio is affected by events that don’t necessarily include him. Lupito’s death, Florence’s death and Ultima’s death all cooperated in changing Antonio. He is a strong young man that before is ignorant and wasn’t exposed to events in life.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Avoid Run-On Sentences in Your Business Writing
Avoid Run-On Sentences in Your Business Writing This statement contains an error. Find and correct it: The next few weeks will be busy. Both the website update and the app launch have deadlines in December.Huang is our most diligent employee, I would like him on my team. Run-on sentences and sentence fragments are becoming more and more common, and seem to be a tricky area for many people. I certainly have been guilty of all of these before, particularly when I am texting. While I think it is somewhat inconsequential to have a grammatical mistake in a quick text dashed off to a friend, these types of mistakes become problematic when they spill into more formal business contexts such as emails, letters, and memos. In fact, run-on sentence construction (also called fused sentences) is the #1 most common business writing grammar error we see in client writing. Fragmented sentences is the #2 error, and they are very related. Let's back up a step or two (we have to go back to middle school grammar class now) and look at the difference between Independent and Dependent Clauses. The difference between these two is the foundational reason that run-on sentences and sentence fragments are wrong. First of all, what is a clause? A clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb. There are two main types of clauses: Independent and Dependent. An Independent Clause can stand alone as a complete sentence. Ex. John is a highly intelligent business man. Ex. Suzette was recognized for her contributions. A Dependent Clause can't stand alone, and therefore it must be connected to an Independent Clause. A Dependent Clause usually happens when you add a dependent marker word. These words are often conjunctions or adverbs, and leave us with a question. Ex. Because John is a highly intelligent businessman, Ex. When Suzette was recognized for her contributions. You should notice that by adding the dependent marker word to these clauses, they become incomplete sentence fragments, and you are essentially left hanging; what happened when Suzette was recognized? What happened because John was a highly intelligent businessman? To fix this situation, you need to connect those Dependent Clauses to Independent Clauses. Ex. Because John is a highly intelligent businessman, his company is very profitable. Ex. When Suzette was recognized for her contributions, she was given a promotion and a corner office. Connecting a dependent clause to an independent clause helps us to avoid sentence fragments. But what about the more common run-on sentences? Run-on sentences occur when we connect two independent clauses without using proper punctuation. Ex. Huang is the most diligent employee, I would like him on my team. There are many ways to fix the sentence above: Huang is the most diligent employee; I would like him on my team. (You could also add a transition here if you would like: Huang is the most diligent employee; therefore, I would like him on my team.) Huang is the most diligent employee. I would like him on my team. (Like the sentence above, you could also add a transition here: Huang is the most diligent employee. As a result, I would like him on my team.) Huang is the most diligent employee, and I would like him on my team. Because Huang is the most diligent employee, I would like him on my team. Simple clear language is the key to good business writing, soit is typically best to simply split the run-on into two complete sentences, as shown in number 2: Huang is the most diligent employee. I would like him on my team. Run-on sentences and sentence fragments are easy mistakes to make, and are just as easy to fix. Start by asking yourself this question: Does this clause express a complete thought? If not, connect it to another clause that answers the unanswered question. If it does, make sure that it isn't connected to another complete thought with a comma (use a period or a semi-colon instead). This one question should make it easy for you to find the run-on sentences and sentence fragments in your business writing, and fix them on your own. If you want additional support in this area, Instructional Solutions offers business writing courses that include detailed, individualized instructor feedback on your business writing.
Monday, October 21, 2019
The eNotes Blog 20 Homework Tweets That Made UsLOL
20 Homework Tweets That Made UsLOL We couldnt stop laughing at some of the things our Twitter team came across, so we decided to compile a list that made us llol (literally laugh out loud) in the hopes that you do too. has tons of resources to help you write your essays and answer tough homework problems, so you dont have to take all your homework angst to Twitter. You can also tweet our team anytime here at @ or @math (for math specific questions)! 1. sneak peek of my Romeo and Juliet essay sneak peek of my Romeo and Juliet essay http://t.co/qFHVVakLl9 alaina (@lainnn_) March 05, 2015  2. ask me how my grapes of wrath essay is going ask me how my grapes of wrath essay is going http://t.co/HzxMYaWehN michaela (@Michaela_wolski) March 04, 2015  3. Holden Cauliflower still trying to finish catcher in the rye essay ughhhhhhh http://t.co/XpDzP5OkgA C A R A (@asvpmuffin) March 12, 2015 4. Whos got homework due in tomorrow? Whos got homework due in tomorrow? http://t.co/0sNwNJayf2 Scrubs Reactions (@ScrubsReaction) March 01, 2015 5. so I can’t do my math homework cause my duck fell asleep on my calculator. so I cant do my math homework cause my duck fell asleep on my calculator. http://t.co/Bu07SckQh6 Baby Animals (@BabyAnimalsPic) March 05, 2015 6. OH MY GOD I wrote this on my essay and forgot to erase it helpppp OH MY GOD I wrote this on my essay and forgot to erase it helpppp http://t.co/cv5aJPEp6N Emily Storc (@EmilyStorc) March 05, 2015 7. Teacher: Wheres your homework? Me: Teacher: Wheres your homework? Me: http://t.co/wrpp1vCzQK Real Talk (@ReaISayingss) March 05, 2015 8. Should I do my homework? Should I do my homework? http://t.co/fNo4lvedlz Girly Nikki (@JensonNavamjx) March 05, 2015 9. When you try to finish your homework as the teacher is collecting it When you try to finish your homework as the teacher is collecting it http://t.co/8ZAedCm4h1 Bart (@helloitsmebart) March 03, 2015 10. Me writing this Hamlet essay Me writing this Hamlet essay http://t.co/nOILrGO7DD Lauren Shepherd (@shepherd_lauren) March 02, 2015 11. havent done any homework all break havent done any homework all break http://t.co/c9VtiAxnQp a potato (@ImARealPotato) March 09, 2015 12. *writes essay on Hamlet* *writes essay on Hamlet* http://t.co/HvLQGKsWAM Emily Rivard (@MLErivard) February 13, 2015 13. when u accidentally type hamelt instead of hamlet on your ap lit essay when u accidentally type hamelt instead of hamlet on your ap lit essay http://t.co/p9w8eZ2lBe karsyn (@Karsyn15) January 13, 2015 14. When you finally have to do the essay all the homework you procrastinated on When you finally have to do the essay all the homework you procrastinated on http://t.co/a0Xw4GpVuD Mary (@_maryamir) March 12, 2015 15. so if you can get out the essay you did for homework please so if you can get out the essay you did for homework please... http://t.co/zpmViA6Uqg harriet ashworth (@harriet_madison) March 08, 2015 16. realize you still have an essay to write When you think you finished all your homework but realize you still have an essay to write http://t.co/jlIhcw5p2P Derrick Gallegos (@dgallegos23) January 09, 2015 17. When you have a research essay draft on Hamlet due tomorrow and you have only 1/4 done When you have a research essay draft on Hamlet due tomorrow and you have only 1/4 done http://t.co/VudoaejOoT He1en Soko1 (@sokolpunch06) March 01, 2015 18. Havent finished my homework Havent finished my homework Havent started packing Havent studied enough Havent eaten Havent finished my essay http://t.co/w5dTIKm1W1 Kelly Cunningham (@kcvnningham) February 20, 2015 19. When you get no math homework When you get no math homework http://t.co/o8DThKldPZ Kylea (@kyleaannclark) March 10, 2015 20. when your teacher assigns a last minute three page essay as youre walking out the door when your teacher assigns a last minute three page essay as youre walking out the door http://t.co/OqQvB0jgTz sneha from speech (@snehaovolove) March 04, 2015
Sunday, October 20, 2019
5 steps to finding a job in another state
5 steps to finding a job in another state A new job can often take you to a new, exciting place. But what if you’re ready for the excitement of a change of scenery, but don’t know where to start when it comes to finding a new job? Whether you need to move for family reasons or are simply unsatisfied with your current location, here’s a few steps to hone your job search and up your chances of landing a gig from far away. Step 1: Research your optionsLocation, location, location is the mantra of the house hunter, but it should also be the mantra of the job seeker. Not only is it important to research where the jobs are within your industry, it’s also important to narrow your search to the location that will satisfy and support the rest of your life. Whether you’re looking for the nearest metro center within driving distance of family, or you want to be on the coast, or you just want to live in a place with a lower cost of living, getting as much information as possible before you start your j ob search is key. Does a particular city have a subway system or bus? Would you bike to work or drive? Are you looking for better weather or one of the nation’s healthiest cities? It’s important to prioritize locations that will work better for you and support your reasons for moving in the first place.Then, once you zero in on your ideal locations, make sure you also research the area for practical day-to-day issues: housing, travel, and cost of living. The median salary in a new location may be less than what you’re used to and can filter you out of contention for the perfect job in the perfect area. When you’re searching from far away, and you don’t already have a lay of the land, this is something important to keep in mind. Also, be sure to check if certain cities have a local job search network, as many do. Local sites may help you learn more about a new place in addition to finding more opportunities in a particular area.Step 2: NetworkDoes y our current job have possible transfer opportunities? Do you have personal or professional contacts in your preferred area? Referrals are a time-tested avenue for employers to find good hires- and that’s a two-way street. Put the word out on social media and your text chains and see what opportunities people in your desired location already know about. Also, chances are your alumni network has contacts in your new desired area. Take advantage of whatever resources and contacts you have that can get you an â€Å"in†with the place you want.Step 3: ApplyWhen applying, consider the perspective of your potential employers. You don’t want to become automatically disqualified simply for having an out-of-state address. It’s often more practical for an organization to hire local talent rather than consider having to cover transportation or moving costs for quality candidates. So leave your address off the resume and cultivate a compelling reason for why you want to move to a new area. Providing a good, honest reason for your desire to move and presenting the choice in a positive light for your professional advance can show a future employer that you are a serious candidate.Step 4: Sharpen your Skype skillsEven though almost everything is online, job-searching from another state will present a challenge when you get close to the interview process. Taking a transatlantic flight for a first-round interview may prove costly and impractical if the job opportunity doesn’t pan out. Interviewing in person is very different than interviewing via Skype or by phone. Don’t be afraid to ask if this is a possibility for first-round interviews. And practice your Skype performance: find a quiet, clean, and properly lit spot to do your online interviews, pay for quality WiFi to prevent dropped calls, and get used to making eye contact with the camera rather than the screen.Step 5: Realize you might need to compromiseSometimes a great job oppor tunity will lead you to another state, but it’s a little harder to do this in reverse. This doesn’t mean you will need to automatically take a pay cut, but if you prioritize location, you may need to budge somewhere else. You might not get the ideal job in the ideal location. So, if you really need to move, you need a back-up plan. Find a starter job in your ideal location where you can stay for a while and continue your job search from a stronger position once you’ve moved.
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Children with Lupus Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Children with Lupus - Article Example Researchers analyzed data reports â€Å"children with lupus kidney disease had more than twice (2.4 times) the risk of dying compared to children with other forms of kidney disease†(para.5). Kidney failure or disease caused by lupus is called Lupus nephritis. This has become a major concern of various medical institute especially lupus related organizations. Last April 14, 2011, the Lupus Foundation of America (LFA) with coordination of RN.com, RxSchool.com, and Dr. Mary Anne Dooley, Member, LFA's Medical-Scientific Advisory Council, launched a new continuing education program for the nurses, pharmacists, and pharmacy technicians. The program entitled ‘Lupus, Deciphering the Clues’ will enhance health professionals awareness of lupus diagnosis and treatments, to meet the needs of early diagnosis and treatment to avoid further vital organ complications. It has been observed by the LFA, based on their own survey, more than fifty percent among lupus patient had visi ted three or more doctors, and some even suffered four or more years, before they were being diagnosed (Medical News Today, 2011). May this program will be of great help to minimize lethal cases of Lupus nephritis to children, as well as to adults. Actually, researchers have been very enthusiastic in performing in-depth study to learn more about lupus and how lupus nephritis developed. LFA(2011) related the experimentation performed on nineteen week-old female mice to learn about the role of immune system proteins called interferons (IFNs) and macrophages (white blood cells) in the development of lupus nephritis. The mice were divided into three groups, wherein mice in the first group were injected three times per week for four weeks of a drug called polycytidylic acid (PCA) which will cause increased activity of IFNs that will start out lupus. The mice in the second group were injected a single dose only of one kind of lupus-related IFN called type I IFN, while the mice in the thir d group were injected with salt water only, to be used as comparison group. The mice urine were monitored for protein development testing. Then after two weeks, the first and second group of mice manifested developed protein in urine, evidence of developed lupus nephritis. Animal experimentation served as an instrument to discern what types of imbalances might be causing human lupus, and may contribute in finding ways for treatment. Yet, the researchers admitted that such animal experimentations have limitations since there are many known, as well as unknown, differences between human and mice immune system. But still, this may shed light for further studies on what treatment might or might not be useful for treating lupus. As expected, urine protein testing would become useful in early detection of kidney damage from lupus. Therefore, Medical News Today (2010) reported a newly discovered simple urine tests for four proteins that might serve as an instrument for early detection of k idney disease in patient with lupus. Likewise, as the article reports, the UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers conducted experiments on mice and found out four proteins protease, PGDS, SAP and SOS showed up in larger amounts on mice urine with progressive kidney damage. They believed that each of these proteins has corresponds in human’s protein or either present in human system. Researchers admitted that this kind of tests might take years to be utilized clinically since they are
Friday, October 18, 2019
Current Ethical Issue in Business Paper Research
Current Ethical Issue in Business - Research Paper Example When Merrill Lynch put bad mortgages in hedge funds than sold them for a year with the promise of a return, the logic was the investors knew the risk. Lita Epstein (2007) explains: Merrill investors had no idea how bad its situation was until it finally came clean about its losses and took a $7.9 billion write-down on these risky securities, one of Wall Streets largest write-downs ever, plus another $463 million write-down of deal-related lending commitments for a total of $8.4 billion. (Epstein 2007). The result of Merrill Lynch and other hedge fund managers was Congress stepping in with new legislation. This means stricter laws and taxes in the United States and Europe. Merrill Lynch did not learn from their mistakes. Instead of operating in the United States and Europe, â€Å"Bank of America Merrill Lynch is helping to establish more than a dozen hedge funds in Asia as industry regulation grows tougher in America and Europe†(Cooper 2010). Clearly this suggests that Merrill Lynch cares more about a profit than the investor. The ground rules that manifested this situation were greed, deception, irresponsible borrowing, and portfolio importance. The hedge funds were there to make money by taking risks. The deception of transferring bad mortgages to the hedge fund created the situation. Irresponsible borrowing, a hedge fund can borrow up to thirty percent over their assets, led to defaulted mortgages. Finally the annual financial report had to meet certain goals to be acceptable to stockholders. The truth never had a chance. Merrill Lynch was guilty of defrauding their stockholders. Although after taking the write down no penalties were given, Merrill Lynch should have learned about the right way to run a hedge fund. The fact that Merrill Lynch wants to operate in Asia should make investors run. This company puts money and success over ethics and investors. This case scenario is not a good example of ethics. Investor should not trust their pennies, much
Organizational Tax Research and Planning - Tax Reform Paper
Organizational Tax and Planning - Tax Reform - Research Paper Example This proposal can be implemented by providing qualified employers with wage increases accompanied by a tax credit (Committee on Ways and Means, 2013). The tax credit should be equal to 10% of the increase in the employer’s wage increase. The maximum amount of the increase could be set at five million dollars per employer. On the other hand, the maximum credit should be $500,000 in order to focus on the benefits accruing to the small businesses. Indeed this proposal is the most viable. This rationale can be explained by the fact that a tax credit would reduce labor costs in the economy thus, encouraging firms to hire more workers (Jurinski, 2000). Employees will also benefit since, they will secure job opportunities in the economy. A tax credit would be more beneficial compared to a flat subsidy because, the temporary tax credit for all firms would lead to sharing of the credits and providing an incentive that would lead to an increase in employment and wages that previously, w ould have been increased without an incentive. An incremental tax credit will also have an effect of rewarding corporate businesses by expanding industries and regions in the country while at the same time helping those firms and industries that might be still experiencing economic stagnation. Therefore, indeed corporate taxpayers have huge benefits to reap from this policy. Businesses experiencing labor shortages due to the recession will also benefit from the increase in the employment (Jurinski, 2000).... ecause, the temporary tax credit for all firms would lead to sharing of the credits and providing an incentive that would lead to an increase in employment and wages that previously, would have been increased without an incentive. An incremental tax credit will also have an effect of rewarding corporate businesses by expanding industries and regions in the country while at the same time helping those firms and industries that might be still experiencing economic stagnation. Therefore, indeed corporate taxpayers have huge benefits to reap from this policy. Businesses experiencing labor shortages due to the recession will also benefit from the increase in the employment (Jurinski, 2000). With the tax relief, businesses will also increase their profitability level since; they will have increased their productivity. The key impact of repatriating foreign profits earned without incurring a federal tax liability is reduction of a tax expense on corporations (Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Cent er, 2013). Corporations will have a lower trading expense when given a tax credit on the federal tax. In addition, many trading corporations will also be attracted to engage in foreign trade. This is because; most businesses normally shy away from foreign trade due to the high federal taxes. Therefore, they prefer trading in the local market in order to avoid incurring these tax expenses. Reduction of the federal tax liability will also have positive implications on the US economy (Jurinski, 2000). This is because there will be many businesses engaged in foreign trade and thus, there will be an increase in foreign income generated to the country. The demand for goods and services produced in the country will also increase since; corporations will be serving both the local and foreign
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Qualitative analysis using the transcript provided Essay - 1
Qualitative analysis using the transcript provided - Essay Example I am like a pig stuck in the middle of everything. I want to do my job well. I want to help the people in the community but I have to also listen to the people in charge of me because they are my bosses. They say one thing, the people out there, they want something else. What can I do? Sometimes my hands are tied up. But I do try to do things to make a difference to the people out there – those ones in the rural communities in the district. There are many things which they are facing which can affect their health these days. Maybe I can help them to sort some of this out by working with them. P. Yes. It’s me. There’s nobody else. I deliver training on health issues such as hygiene. I try to help people to understand how they need to wash their hands before they prepare food or something like that...the children, they can get so sick with running stomachs which is bad. Or sometimes, if there is an outbreak, then I will do something different, something about what the trouble is. If there is cholera it is not about prevention it is about action and it needs to be quick and co-ordinated. But it is difficult for some people when they do not have soap or when they have to fetch water from some other place or people are sick and cannot work in the fields. Umm, but really it’s not for me to tell people what to do. I am not their mother or their father but I can try to help them to understand how they can help themselves. Sometimes they listen and sometimes they don’t. The old ones sometimes say ‘who is this young thing who is coming to tell us what it do when we have lived all this time?’ Hopefully you are just putting things into people’s heads and, you know, making them think that next time they will do something. Maybe if they are worried and they can speak to you if you are friendly. So yeah, it is only me that does†¦it can be a struggle†¦(fades off). P. Me, I am the one who does
Robert Gross - The Minute Men and their World Essay
Robert Gross - The Minute Men and their World - Essay Example He overall provides a stirring view of late eighteenth century New England on the cusp of revolution and freedom. In Concord town politics, though the inhabitants denied it, were as usual. Voting rights were severely restricted and limited the number of men eligible for town leadership. Wealth and leisure time further diminished the pool. Only those with enough of both were able to rise to serve the needs of their fellow men sufficiently. Money and position piled on top of place to complicate life. As a thriving center of commerce, Concord hosted both a bustling town business center and a sprawling farmland. Conflicts between urban and rural inhabitants over basic infrastructure needs excited the assemblies on a regular basis. Schooling, religion, and roads all served a different constituency and for them all to be centered in town was seen as a disservice to the rural community who â€Å"had to walk into town in everyday stockings and shoes then for the sake of appearances top in a field and change into their go-to-meeting slippers.†1 Church itself posed a mighty challenge to the unity of Concord’s inhabitants. During the Great Awakening a new preacher ignited fervor among the young and vital in town. His bowing to the interests of youth to fill pews offended the staunch faithful and, somewhat along geographical lines, they broke off to form a second parish. When a new, young preacher replaced the first, a spendthrift schemer, one of the old timers, sought membership in the original parish. His questionable ethics toward his fellow Concordians led to his rejection by the congregation. By extension the outlying parish took this to heart and read into it a refusal to consider reconciliation. Then the same man took his grievances to the political realm and again lost. Concord was indeed a town divided. While the inhabitants of Concord simmered in their own stew of religious discord the colonies entered a period of contention with mother England. The Stamp Act triggered a wave of protests across the colonies and in Boston, party faithfuls organized a vote to recognize Parliament’s actions. When the vote came through it was barely shy of the necessary numbers to pass and demonstrate Massachusetts’ loyalty to the crown. A bitter disappointment to Governor Hutchinson, surely, but one that triggered a wave of political backlash. Much like today’s Tea Party, farmers and businessmen who saw their interests hindered by England’s acts of taxation, mounted an ideological revolt. They organized a revolution at the polls and saw to it that nineteen of thirty-two representatives to Boston were replaced for their efforts of royalist loyalty. In Concord, little interest sparked at the events plaguing the colony. When the vote came to replace their own man, Charles Prescott, they safely returned him to his role. Their concerns lay more in the sixty-six pound expense of burying the Great Awaking pastor, Reverend Dan iel Bliss, and in finding his replacement than in subverting England’s fiscal policy toward the colonies. When the Boston Massacre rent headlines, Concord barely paused to comment. Of greater import a debate about relocating the Middlesex County seat from Cambridge to Concord. A matter of convenience more important than matters of state. Gradually, however, the people of Concord came around. In 1772 the Boston Committee of Correspondence wrote seeking a
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Qualitative analysis using the transcript provided Essay - 1
Qualitative analysis using the transcript provided - Essay Example I am like a pig stuck in the middle of everything. I want to do my job well. I want to help the people in the community but I have to also listen to the people in charge of me because they are my bosses. They say one thing, the people out there, they want something else. What can I do? Sometimes my hands are tied up. But I do try to do things to make a difference to the people out there – those ones in the rural communities in the district. There are many things which they are facing which can affect their health these days. Maybe I can help them to sort some of this out by working with them. P. Yes. It’s me. There’s nobody else. I deliver training on health issues such as hygiene. I try to help people to understand how they need to wash their hands before they prepare food or something like that...the children, they can get so sick with running stomachs which is bad. Or sometimes, if there is an outbreak, then I will do something different, something about what the trouble is. If there is cholera it is not about prevention it is about action and it needs to be quick and co-ordinated. But it is difficult for some people when they do not have soap or when they have to fetch water from some other place or people are sick and cannot work in the fields. Umm, but really it’s not for me to tell people what to do. I am not their mother or their father but I can try to help them to understand how they can help themselves. Sometimes they listen and sometimes they don’t. The old ones sometimes say ‘who is this young thing who is coming to tell us what it do when we have lived all this time?’ Hopefully you are just putting things into people’s heads and, you know, making them think that next time they will do something. Maybe if they are worried and they can speak to you if you are friendly. So yeah, it is only me that does†¦it can be a struggle†¦(fades off). P. Me, I am the one who does
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
Causes of War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Causes of War - Essay Example  There have always been numerous reports about war and conflicts in different parts of the world with regrettable outcomes. A war can occur between groups of people, countries or even regions. Each of the mentioned kinds and every particular case have their specific reasons for the occurrence. Although quite different, roots of the war are always associated with a kind of a conflict. It, therefore, means that a war comes up as a result of a conflict between the two distinct parties starting a confrontation, regardless of what constituted a ground for the appearance of a conflict or its further scale. As a whole, both the variety of possible causes of war and their kinds are important topics to be investigated and analyzed. Countries can enter an international conflict finding themselves in antagonism. (Ikenbery 173). In this case, the whole population of a country appears to be involved and the victory is ensured by armies fighting in the front lines and citizens backing them in a variety of ways. There are numbers of factors that encourage conflicts to take place and those that may prevent a conflict from erupting. Some events are known to lead to an occurrence of war and other events can bring about peace and reconciliation, preventing conflicts to come in. Naturally, consequences and effects of wars, particularly civil wars, are visible. Examples of both, short term and long term ones, which impose their effects on all the parties involved, could be seen in different nations.
Monday, October 14, 2019
Social interaction Essay Example for Free
Social interaction Essay Stereotyping may lead to prejudice and discrimination. Prejudice is to pre-judge a person or a group of people in a certain way before you get to know the facts. For example in the case of Ms Brown she may feel prejudice towards the people of the new neighbourhood. She does not know them and may judge them all in one way. Categorise all as one instead of seeing individuals. Discrimination is to act on that judgement. In Ms Browns case she may feel prejudice to the natives of the new neighbourhood. They have different life styles which could cause slight conflict between them. What Ms Brown believes to be the right way of life, the people in the neighbourhood may disagree. Prejudice could occur. In order for Ms Brown to discriminate against her new neighbours she must act on that prejudice. Ms Brown may experience frustration when moving house. This could be due to several reasons. Although been a lone parent was Ms Browns choice it may make life difficult at this moment in time as she has the move to do alone. Whilst frustration and aggression are related, frustration does not always lead to aggression. Gross R et al (2000:67) Aggression can be reinforced where as frustration is a natural emotion. Aggressive behaviour can be aroused by other aspects then frustration. How could this effect Ms Browns situation. Elliott in 1977 conducted a study with a class room of children. The aim was to show the children how it felt to be discriminated against. Elliott told the children that pupils with blue eyes were inferior. Within days the experiment showed the children with blue eyes had become withdrawn and school work slipped, whereas the children with brown eyes became more and more aggressive towards blue eyed children. This experiment shows how easy it can be to discriminate against others and how aggression can occur. Ms Brown may have been raised in a racist family; her parents could have reinforced the prejudice towards black people. Social learning theory suggests that behaviour is learned. People are not born aggressive; they adapt aggression through direct experience or by observing others. In reference to M Cardwell et al Psychology for A2 Level Bandura conducted an experiment also involving children. Using a blow up doll, some of the children were exposed to adults behaving aggressive towards the doll. The bobo doll experiment showed that children copied the behaviour of adults. Those who witnessed aggressive behaviour toward the doll carried out similar aggressive acts. Whereas the children who were not exposed to the violence on the doll were not aggressive towards it. This experiment suggests that, people will copy behaviour. Is aggression learned? The social learning theory is contradicted by the Relative Deprivation Theory. This can be explained as, what we believe to be the standard we should receive and the standard we actually get. Moving house is hard work and stressful, things do not always go as planned. Ms Brown may become frustrated with the situation. An experiment conducted by Sherif in 1961, involved a group of eleven and twelve year olds. The children were divided into two groups and housed separately. As a result they became close friends and found a sense of identity within that group. The two groups were brought back together and after several competitions between them they acted very negatively towards each other. Each group felt as though they deserved to win the competitions more than the others. If people feel deprived of something to which they feel entitled, they become frustrated and perhaps aggressive. the Ku Klux Klan was founded in 1866; just after the American civil war it attracted mainly poor whites who believed that their livelihood was threatened by the newly freed black slaves. Gross R et al (2000:25) In the case of the ku Klux klan it eventually lead to murdering black people for no reason other than the feeling that maybe white people were been deprived of something because of black people. In 1992, a riot broke out in Los Angeles; it claimed more the 50 lives. The reason behind the riots was the acquittal by an all white jury of four police men who had been accused of badly beating a black motorist. If the police men had received punishment for their actions then the black society would not have felt deprived of justice, then the riots would not have occurred. A sense of perceived relative deprivation can also come about as a result of improvement in the recourses and opportunities made available to a group.
Sunday, October 13, 2019
The Safety Of Seafarers Going To Sea Engineering Essay
The Safety Of Seafarers Going To Sea Engineering Essay This report aims to educate readers about the safety of seafarers going to sea and the possible dangers that they face. The report will also elaborate about the ongoing issues and measures taken to ensure the safety of the seafarers. Marine Industry has been a major platform for investment and income since the ancient times. Seafarers face possible dangers from collision of ships, fire and weather conditions. Therefore, the casualties onboard a ship have been increasing due to lack of awareness towards safety on board the ship. The International Maritime Organisation( IMO) took steps to prevent such disasters from happening. Rules have been set up to make sure the equipments onboard the ship are up to date, certified and are regularly inspected. Workers onboard must be well trained in the safety aspects. According to the International Maritime Organisation(2009),ship safety is a subject that is currently receiving high attention by most countries. The International Maritime Organisation(2009) said that this was due to a number of serious vessel casualties that have occurred in recent years. 1.3 Methodology The information for this report was obtained from the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) 1974 edition, reference books, research about shipping companies and the internet. Case studies were taken from online news articles. 1.4 Scope As there are many possibilities that could happen onboard a ship, this report will investigate solely about the possible cause of fire at sea, preventive measures, consequences of fire, actual events that took place due to fire, types of fire and much more. 2.Fire Hazards onboard the Ship 2.1 Causes of Fire According to John G. Antherson (2000),the causes of fire on a ship arent a lot different than the causes of fires in any urban setting. As there are electrical circuits onboard the ship, there is a chance for an electrical fire is to occur. Machinery onboard a ship can get hot when its operating. An overheating bearing could cause a fire.(John G. Antherson 2000) Ships uses combustion systems to generating steam, and internal combustion engines are used generate electricity. These combustion system will get very hot and can cause a fire.(John G. Antherson 2000) Closed machinery spaces and the volatility of fuel, lubricants and hydraulic fluids around the hot machinery can lead to a fire or an explosion. A collision at sea could initiate a fire. The galley where food is prepared is another fire hazard on board a ship.(John G. Antherson 2000) During ship repairing, metal cutting and welding equipment is carried and used to faulty equipment. Sparks from this equipments could also start a fire. There are some more possible ways fires could be started. Fire hazards in the cabin could also cause fire to occur. An article (Anon: Fires In Ships 2002) states that careless smoking is the main cause of fires in ships. In one case scenario, sixteen Chinese nationals have been taken to the hospital after a fire broke out in their ship(APL Columbia) at port Botany on 5 January 2010.A crew member onboard the 45,000 tonne APL Columbia(IMO:9252242) noticed a fire in his cabin about 1.30am.The man tried to put out the fire but was unsuccessful.The crew members had suffered from smoke inhalation and the fire was put out about 5.30 am using the ships own firefighting equipment. In another case scenario, a fire broke out in the engine room. A Maersk container ship (Maersk Duffield) crossed Brisbanes Moreton Bay with its engine room on fire and the Emergency Management Queensland helicopter is en route to assist. One crew member required treatment. Shipping Database,2009-2010[Online] Available from: http://www.shippingdatabase.com/ [Accessed 31 January 2010] Figure 1 [International Maritime Statistics Forum 2007 p.g 15] Figure 2 [International Maritime Statistics Forum 2007 p.g 16] According to the chart ( figure 1) made by the Maritime Institute in Gdansk(2007), most fire accidents occur during ship repairs. Fire caused from ship repairs take up 79.3% of most fire accidents in their case study. Meanwhile, figure 2 showed that 24.11% of fire occurring on board a ship is located at the Cargo holds and tanks. 2.2 Classes of Fire There are 4 types of fire that might occur onboard a ship. There are Class A , Class B , Class C and Class D fires. The U.S Department of Agriculture, Forest Service(2007) said that Ordinary combustible fires are the most common type of fire, and are designated under Class A fire . These occur when a solid, organic material such as wood, cloth, rubber, or plastic become heated to their flash point and ignite. This class of fire is fairly simple to combat and contain .According to National Fire Protection Association (NFPA 2008),the most common way to do this is by spraying the burning material with water, oxygen can also be removed by smothering the fire with foam from a fire extinguisher. Meanwhile, flammable liquid are categorized under Class B fire. The National Fire Protection Association(2008) reports that this fire follow the same basic fire tetrahedron (heat, fuel, oxygen, chemical reaction) as ordinary combustible fires, except that the fuel in question is a flammable liquid such as gasoline, or gas such as natural gas. An efficient way to extinguish a liquid or gas fueled fire is to disrupt the chemical chain reaction of the fire, which is done by dry chemical and Halon extinguishing agents. According to an extract from Industrial Hygiene and Information Management (2008): ESH Manual Chapter 40, Hazardous Materials, class D fire are fires that are caused by flammable or combustible metals. Examples given by the ESH manual Chapter 40, Hazardous Materials, of such metals are titanium , sodium ,magnesium, potassium, uranium and calcium. Generally, metal fire risks occur when sawdust, machine shavings and other metal are present. These fires can be ignited by the same types of ignition sources that would start other common fires. Wikipedia, Fire Classes [Online] Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_classes [Accessed 1 February 2010] A crew onboard a fishing vessel said that If a fire was to start onboard a ship, crew members onboard must know what type of fire it is. If a wrong extinguisher or method is being used, the fire might spread even more. ( Florida Sport Fishing Crew 2002) 3. Consequences of fire 3.1 Loss of Revenue and Marine Environment The International Maritime Organisation (2009) said that most accidents onboard a ship will result in a loss of revenue. Cargos onboard a ship might be damaged and millions of dollars worth of cargos and resources will be affected. Fire onboard a tanker ship will have a high chance of causing an explosion and fuel leaked into the sea will cause water pollution and that will affect the marine environment. Thousands of dollar will be used to clean up the oil spill. A case study given by the Port State Information exchange (2006) was that of Hyundai Fortune where an accidental fire broke out on 21st March 2006. The combined cost of the ship and damaged cargo is estimated at over 300 million US dollars. According to an online article by Brisbane Times, oil spill clean-up can be rather costly. In a case study by the article, an insurer of a Hong Kong-based cargo ship had to foot the bill for a 20 tonnes of diesel fuel into waters off Stradbroke Island. Authorities announced that the estimated cost of the clean-up will reach about $100,000 a day and take seven days to complete. Daniel Hurst 2009 , Oil spill clean-up to cost $100,000 a day[Online] Brisbane times Available from: http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/news/queensland/oil-spill-cleanup-to-cost-100000-a-day/2009/03/12/1236447368184.html [Accessed on 7th February 2010] 3.2 Political Fallout Political fallout might also occur if swift action is not taken. Political fallout will cause the reputation of the government or authority to be at stake.(M.Masellis and S.W.A. Gunn 1992) The disasters that occur within the Maritime Industries can be used as an example for opposition parties to blame the government and this might change the mindset of the society towards the government. According to an online article by BBC news, an oil well in the Timor Sea off the north-west coast of Australia caught fire. The oil rig had been leaking oil and marine fire fighters were struggling for ten weeks to stop the leak. The National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority had been called out to help combat the fire and other teams such as the Geoscience Australia and the Australian Maritime Safety Authority were on standby. However, an opposition spokesman accused the Environment Minister of Australia of doing nothing to stop the oil leak. BBC News 2009 , Australia well catches fire [Online] Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8336564.stm 3.3 Human Casualties Accidents onboard a ship will also cause human casualties to occur. Fire especially will be life threatening onboard a passenger ship and it will cause chaos and panic among passengers. ( L.M. Collins 1999) A good way to ensure that human life is not lost is for the crew and passengers to follow instructions given by the Captain. If the passengers follow the instructions swiftly, they will be able to escape from the ship safely.( L.M. Collins 1999) One of the major events that had many human casualties was that of RMS Titanic. According to David G , Titanic was struck by an iceberg and sank in two hours and forty minutes on 15 April 1912. The sinking of the Titanic resulted in 1517 deaths out of the 2223 people on board. The high casualty rate was due to the fact that the ship was not carrying enough lifeboats for everyone onboard. Brown, David G. (2000). The Last Log of the Titanic. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 0071364471. Most fire cases are quickly dealt with and the only losses that the crew face are the cargos or raw materials onboard. Up to this day, passenger ship have not faced any fire incidents that resulted in major human casualties. 4.Fire Safety Measures 4.1 Safety of Life at Sea(SOLAS) M. Masellis and S.W.A. Gunn(1992) said that fire casualties on ships lead almost certainly to disastrous results because of the limited and isolated areas of the vessels and the lack of immediate and easy access for the rescue team. Preventive measures are therefore much more effective in the effort to avoid such casualties than rescue and fire-extinguishing procedures or devices. [Marine fire casualties in merchant ships: the Greek statistics 1992 Available from: http://www.springerlink.com/content/h8362077847j9127/] In 1914, The International Maritime Organisation had a convention among international leaders and maritime leaders to talk about maritime safety. Of all the international conventions dealing with maritime safety, the most important is the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea(SOLAS). There have been many versions of SOLAS adopted by the International Maritime Organisation but the present version was adopted in 1974 and entered into force in 1980.The SOLAS conventions have all covered many aspects of safety at sea. The convention in 1914 included chapters on safety of navigation, construction, fire protection and life-saving appliances.(International Maritime Organisation 2009) This shows that the International Maritime Organisation is constantly trying to find ways to improve the aspects of safety at sea to ensure the safety of seafarers life by introducing the Safety Of Life at Sea(SOLAS) and updating it. 4.2 Fire Safety Test and Safety Equipment One of the fire safety measures is to conduct fire safety test for the ship. Fire safety of ships is an extremely important area. Before any material can be used onboard a ship, it must have successfully passed strict tests and have been certified for use. This is to ensure that the material or equipment does not pose a fire hazard onboard the ship. (SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden 2008) Another safety measure is to install safety equipments on the ship. Equipments such as fire extinguisher, sprinkler system , gas monitor and other safety equipments are being implemented. The International Maritime Organisation(IMO) is taking steps to introduce new and more sophisticated equipments onboard the ships. IMO hope to reduce the amount of accidents from occurring onboard the ship and will rely on this new equipments to combat the problem more efficiently. 4.3 Service of ships and Equipments According to The Safety of Life At Sea 1974 edition, the ship and its safety equipments have to undergo service once every few years. Safety equipments include components that can deteriorate over time. Therefore, this can decrease the effectiveness of the equipment. Examples of such equipments stated in the Safety Of Life At Sea 1974 edition (SOLAS) are fire extinguishers, EPIRBs, flares, life jackets, life rafts and smoke signals. Servicing of the equipment must be done by the manufacturer or an authorised agent by the expiry date. The expiry date must be clearly marked on the equipment. Most life raft needs to be serviced every two or three years. Equipment that cannot be serviced or no longer works must be replaced if it is to be carried as part of the safety equipment onboard the ship.(The International Maritime Organisation 2009) In the event that an emergency were to occur and the safety equipments were to be faulty as they were not sent for servicing, the manufacturer should not be blamed as the expiry date have been stated clearly on the equipment. It is the duty of the crew onboard and its owner to send the equipments for servicing once the expiry date is over. According to the IMO 2009, maintenance and inspections of equipments must be recorded to provide objective evidence that these work have been carried out according to the manufacturers instructions. 4.4 Proper training for the crew According to the Maritime Port Authority Singapore(MPA) 2010, Seafarers working on board a ship must have the valid certification or endorsements. In Singapore, these are issued by the Training Standards Department of MPA. Seafarers working on board a ship are required to have a valid Certificate of Competency (CoC) or endorsement, which comply with the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW). The crew must also be well trained in fire fighting and First Aid. Those who wish to work onboard a ship must have an Advance Fire Fighting Course certificate and Elementary First Aid certificate as well before they are qualified to work onboard (Maritime Port Authority Singapore 2010). The crew will also conduct regular safety drills after each departure from port. The crew are to follow their duty that had been assigned on the Muster List. By having proper trained crews onboard a ship, this will minimise the chance of human error and accidents from occurring. Furthermore, the crew are well trained to handle any emergencies such as fire . The International Maritime Organisation(IMO) 2009 once said that the quality and familiarisation are directly affected by the frequency and quality of the drills carried out. IMO added that a crew debrief after each drill is essential to emphasise lessons learned and to give additional training where necessary. 5. Conclusion 5.1 Further Improvements Every year, the International Maritime Organisation and other Maritime Body are working hand in hand to improve a seafarers life in terms of their living condition and to ensure that they are working in a safe environment. The organisation are trying to find constant improvement to reduce marine casualties, loss in revenue due to unwanted accidents. One improvement that can be introduce to the ship is the All-in-One fire extinguisher. This extinguisher would be able to combat any types of fire such as Class A , Class B, Class C or Class D fires. By having this fire extinguisher onboard the ship, the crew will not need to waste time to find different methods to combat different types of fire. Another improvement that could be introduced is the fire isolating system. This system will isolate the fire from spreading to other rooms and this will reduce the damage caused towards the ship. The Maritime Port Authority said that this new inventions will further improve the safety aspects but it still needs to undergo more tests before it can be implemented towards the ships. 5.2 Human Error is still the Main Cause The International Maritime Organisation have taken steps to ensure that the technology and safety equipments being implemented are up to date. Even thought this is so, nothing can be done if the accident caused is by human error. Even if the crew had gone for proper training, human error will still occur. An article by B.S Dhillon(2007), human error costs the Maritime Industry $541 million per year and a study of 6091 major accident claims revealed that 62% of the claims were attributed to human error. B.S Dhillion(2007) added that human error contributes to 84% to 88% of tanker accidents. [B.S Dhillon 2007. Human Reliability and Error in Transportation Systems, Springer Series in Reliability Engineering . Page 1.] These incidents will result in crew injuries or death and the ship will be delayed or damaged. Even if there is mechanical failure, human error can play a role in terms of lack of maintenance , monitoring or a breakdown in communication. The Bahamas Maritime Authority added that crew fatigue and complacency can be a major factor in this incident. The Bahamas Maritime Authority said that Good equipment can cost more, but safety should be accorded a higher priority because a ship cannot be operated safely without the seafarer.
Saturday, October 12, 2019
Differences And Effects Of Natural And Synthetic Fertilizers :: essays research papers
Differences and Effects of Natural and Synthetic Fertilizers At the core of the growth and germination of plants lie the nutrients they receive from the soil. The nutrients required for growth are classified into two groupings, macronutirents and micronutrients. Macronutrients are those that are needed in very large amounts, and whose absence can do a great harm to the development of the plant life. These nutrients include calcium, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and are very sparse in most soils, making them the primary ingredients in most fertilizers. The other, more common macronutrients are called secondary nutrients, as they are not of as much importance. Micronutrients, the other classification, consist of all the other elements and compounds required for sufficient growth, such as iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum and chlorine. In some cases, these nutrients are found to be missing in soils, but it is extremely uncommon. As plants need to retrieve all of their nutrients from the soil, many methods have been developed in order to find ways to improve or change the soil to suit the plant's needs. Soil, in science as well as in common gardening, must undergo detailed inspection, to detect such things as the pH of the soil. A soil with a pH above 7.0 is called an alkaline soil, and will commonly kill plants. Mineral content, as mentioned above, is also a concern, and must be clearly monitored. After inspection, it is common for minor organic materials outside fertilizers to be applied, such as peat moss, ground bark, or leaf mold. It is after these steps that fertilization must occur, leading to a debate which has plagued gardeners and scientists alike: organic or chemical? Fertilizers, in both natural and synthetic breeds, are carriers of the primary and secondary nutrients that are found less often in even the most fertile soils. Fertilizers are mixtures that are mixed or applied to soil, thus greatly increasing its potency and maximizing plant growth. As mentioned before, however, there are both natural and inorganic fertilizers, all with varying effects. The compositional differences of these types are great, indeed. Natural fertilizers, as one would expect, are totally organic, and usually come from the manure of animals. These are the fertilizers that produced the forests of the world, among much other plant life in ecosystems, and have been used since ancient times. Chemical fertilizers are a more recent invention, consisting of carefully concentrated mixtures of nutrients, formulated for quick growth. These can take many forms, from powder, to "dirt", to even tablets! Natural fertilizers, as mentioned above, include the various types of manure and other animal waste products, as well as compost, which is a mixture
Friday, October 11, 2019
Understanding Economics
From as long as I could remember Taxes have always been apart of our daily lives. Taxes can often be a big burden for most, they can also be a help and used for many other functions. If it was not for taxation our roads, public buildings would be a complete mess. Our emergency services such as, law enforcement, EMT, and Fire/rescue thrive off of tax dollars, many of our healthcare offices also use tax payers money to stay open. The taxing process from distribution to collecting them has people on the fence with different point of views.In this paper I will be discussing the questions raised about taxation. What happens to net personal income when the government raises taxes? When the government raises taxes, it will decrease your net personal income. As the government raises taxes, most people’s net personal income will decrease, which means that their disposable income decreases as well. When this happens people tend to spend less money only to avoid going into debt, which wi ll soon affect the market’s income because they are no longer buying goods and services with their disposable income.This problem will eventually lead to a decrease in total tax revenue as the gross incomes of the population can drop. When the government lowers taxes? When the government lowers taxes people feel more comfortable with spending more of their money. Lower taxes allow the population to buy more goods and services because they know that their money will go a long way. The lowering of taxes along with a controlled government over looking spending will have a fast and positive effect on the economy. People spending more money will not only stimulate the economy, but will eventually lead to more jobs.Lower taxes equals’ happy people and a better economy. How is GDP affected by higher taxes and Lower taxes? The Gross domestic product (GDP) is affected when the government brings in more taxes then they spend, reducing disposable income and slowing the growth of the economy. That is when Fiscal policy comes into place causing some type of stabilization to the economy along with higher taxes. According to E-how, â€Å"Tax cuts mean more disposable income for individuals and more retained earnings for businesses. The impact on the GDP depends on what individuals and businesses do with the extra cash.If households buy more goods and businesses increase hiring and capital equipment purchases, the GDP will increase. A reduction in taxes also means less revenue for the government at all levels, which generally leads to lower government spending, higher deficits or both ( eHow. com, 2012). †What other economic factors are affected when taxes are raised or lowered, and how are they affected? Other economic factors that are affected by the rise and falling of taxes are, sales tax, healthcare, and major government programs.When sales tax is raised it puts a financial strain on employers and individuals, and will result in job loss. Healthcare services thrive off of the rise in taxes and when taxes fall they suffer tremendously. Low income families depend on these services and without the proper funds. Government programs are affected when revenue result in increased taxes. When this happens, these government funded programs has to increase their budgets. Once funds start coming in slowly then these programs such as, military, FBI, Medicare, Medicaid, , and social security, once taxes are increased these programs are able to maintain.â€Å"In fiscal year 2009, state governments spent 40 percent of their budgets on K-12 and higher education and 26 percent of their budgets on social programs such as Medicaid, transportation, corrections and public assistance. Funding for the following programs increase as tax revenues increase (eHow. com, 2012). †Should the government increase tax rates on everyone as a way to equalize incomes and wealth? No, the government should not raise taxes on everyone, only for those who are extremely wealthy like Earvin ‘Magic’ Johnson, who is worth $700 million.The middle class are going to suffer from the tax increase. This is a political problem that will cause more headaches for everyone and will probably end with the middle class paying more in taxes. Now we know that taxes will make or break things in this nation, and will cause a lot of debates amongst government officials. Taxes will be around forever and we have to get use them changing, I have discussed the questions about the taxing process and I hope you will take something from it.
Thursday, October 10, 2019
The Second Coming Analysis
Between the symbolism and allusions, the poem covers the entire Bible, from Genesis to Revelations. In the first stanza, â€Å"mere anarchy†refers to the flood in Genesis. The last stanza refers to the anti-christ and the time of the apocalypse. In the final lines Yeats describes the sinners as â€Å"rough beasts†dragging themselves to Bethlehem for the second coming of Christ. The body of the poem describes the decay of society. It refers to the non-believers, or atheists and the real problem, the sinners. However, he does point out that even Christ was tempted in the desert, hell on earth.He uses a metaphor to allude to the Great Sphinx (The body of a lion and the head of a man), which symbolizes the devil’s home. Furthermore, this is also a reference to the Book of Exodus, which describes the morphing of locusts and scorpion’s tails. These layers of meaning make it difficult for high school students to interpret the poem. I suggest that a teacher star t with eight vocabulary words: gyre, vexed, anarchy, revelation, falconer, Spiritus Mundi, reel, indignant. Denote the text. Then discover all the metaphors and symbols. It takes quite a bit of research to connote â€Å"gyre†.The dictionary definition is simple, but Yeats uses gyre in many of his writings. He uses a double-helix to symbolize the spiraling decay of society through â€Å"blood-dimmed tides†or wars. Then he uses the upward spiral to symbolize the times of peace. For Yeats society was a never-ending cycle of war and peace. From there he takes us to medieval times, to a violent, but orderly sport of hunting, until the falcon cannot hear the falconer and it turns into chaotic, unreasonable violence. Is you use the Bible to interpret the rest of the poem, it will be clear: Yeats is a pessimist who saw the underbelly of society.
Mobile Money Transfer
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Mobile money transfer Mobile money transfer, also referred to as mobile money, mobile payment, and mobile wallet generally refer to payment services operated under financial regulations and performed from or via a mobile device. Instead of paying with cash, cheque, or credit cards, a consumer can use a mobile phone to pay for a wide range of services and digital or hard goods. Although the concept of using non-coin-based currency systems has a long history, it is only recently that the technology to support such systems has become widely available.Similarly, Julia s. cheney defined mobile financial services from her paper examination of mobile banking and mobile payments as follows â€Å"Mobile financial services is a term applied to a range of financial activities conducted using mobile devices, such as cellular phones or personal digital assistants. These activities fall into two broad categories: mobile banking and mobile payments. Mobile banking allows bank customers to check balances, monitor transactions, obtain other account information, transfer funds, locate branches or ATMs, and, sometimes, pay bills. In the United States, depository institutions' mobile banking platforms rely on one or a combination of the following three strategies: SMS text messaging, browser-based programs, or downloadable mobile-banking applications. The term mobile payments refers to payment transactions initiated or confirmed using a person's mobile cellular phone or personal digital assistant. These may be such things as making a purchase at the point of sale, sending money to a person or a business, or purchasing a product or service remotely. Mobile payments generally fall into two categories. Those made at the point of sale are called â€Å"proximity payments†and are typically initiated using NFC technology. Mobile â€Å"remote payments,†on the other hand, are not transmitted by NFC but rather require payments to be initiated and settled through the mobile cellular phone network in combination with an associated payment network. These payments may involve person-to-person, person-to-business, or business-to-business payments and rely on SMS text messaging, wireless Internet technology, or a downloaded application in order to execute the payment.Mobile payment is being adopted all over the world in different ways (wirelessintelligence.com) (erricson.com 2011). In 2008, the combined market for all types of mobile payments was projected to reach more than $600B globally by 2013 (juniper research 2013), which would be double the figure as of February, 2011 (bonsoni.com 2011). The mobile payment market for goods and services, excluding contactless near field communication or NFC transactions and money transfers, is expected to exceed $300B globally by 2013 (juniper research 2013). In developing countries mobile payment solutions have been deployed as a means of extending financial services to the community known as the â€Å"unbanked†or â€Å"under banked,†which is estimated to be as much as 50% of the world's adult population, according to Financial Access' 2009 Report â€Å"Half the World is Unbanked†(financialAccess.org 2009). These payment networks are often used for micropayments. The use of mobile payments in developing countries has attracted public and private funding by organizations such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, United States Agency for International Development and Mercy Corps.Mobile financial services cover a â€Å"broad range of financial activities that Consumers engage in or access using their mobile phones†(Boyd and Jacob, 2007:6). They can be classified into three separate categories: mobile banking (m?banking), Mobile money transfer (m?money transfer), and mobile payments (m?payments) (GSMA, 2008a). M?banking is subsumed under the larger category of electronic banking.Electronic banking (e?banking) refers to â€Å"the provision of retail and small value banking products and services through electronic channels. These include deposit taking, lending, account management, the provision of financial advice, electronic bill payment and the provision of other electronic payment products and services such as electronic money†(Basel 1998:3). As a form of e?banking, m?banking is defined as:††¦financial services delivered via mobile networks and performed on a mobile phone. These services may or may not be defined as banking services by the regulator, depending on the legislation of the country in question, as well as on which services are offered.†(Bà ¥ngens and Sà ¶derberg 2008: 7).Porteous (2006) further explains that mobile banking can either be additive or transformational. For the former type, m?banking is considered an additional channel for existing clients to access banking services; in the transformational category, however, it targets clients who do not have bank accounts, aiming to include them into the formal banking system. (Bà ¥ngens and Sà ¶derberg 2008). Money, on the other hand, is a form of electronic money. Electronic money refers to â€Å"stored value or prepaid payment mechanisms for executing payments via point of sale terminals, direct transfers between two devices, or over the computer networks, such as the Internet. Stored value products include hardware or card based mechanisms (electronic purses or wallets), and software or network based cash (also called digital cash)†(Basel, 1998:3?4). M? money then refers to â€Å"services that connect consumers financially through mobile phones. Mobile money allows for any mobile phone subscriber – whether banked or unbanked – to deposit value into their mobile account, send value via a simple handset to another mobile subscriber, and allow the recipient to turn that value back into cash easily and cheaply†(GSMA, 2009:7). In this way, m?money can be used for both transfers and payments. In fact, m?money is generally used in m?payments and m?money transfers rather than for m?banking. As such, m?money does not earn interest compared to bank deposits. This ensures that all e?cash (of which m?money is one) dispensed and circulating corresponds to actual funds in the system. This helps the central banks track movements in money supply1 (Mapa, 2009). With this, m?money cannot be used for savings and cannot be lent by m?money service providers (Sec 5.C and D of Circular 649) (BSP 2009). However, whether these funds should not earn interest has been questioned by some, especially when the funds that are pooled to back?up the issued e?money can be deposited in a prudentially regulated institution or invested in â€Å"lower?risk†securities (Tarazi, 2009).Thus far, the use of m?money has primarily been transactional, such as payment of bills (including payment conversion of m?money to electronic loads), transfer of funds. In microfinance, for instance, the system has largely been utilized to transfer and pay loans.Mobile banking models:Lyman et.al. (2006) makes two distinctions of branchless banking: bank led Non?bank commercial actors. This was further expanded by Goswami & Raghavendran (2009) by breaking down mobile banking variants into 5 models based on how they partner up with telecommunication providers: (1) carriers going solo, (2) banks going solo, (3) exclusive bank and telecom partnership, (4) bank telecom open partnership, and (5) open federation model. These variations indicate that there is much innovation occurring with respect to delivering m?banking/m?money services. Although innovation is important, at some point, standardization would be needed to support interoperability that would enhance services among customers (GSMA, 2008a). In fact, of the five models mentioned, the open federation model is considered by Goswami & Raghavendran (2009) as the most flexible and dynamic since it allows for a partnership between all banks and telecom companies while sharing a common platform for m? banking. The platform then expands the coverage of mobile banking and gives the unbanked a freedom to choose with whom to maintain an account. The other implication of the variety of existing models is that it creates different regulatory arrangements depending on the nature of partnerships between telecommunication carriers and financial institutions. In the case of SMART Money in the Philippines, for instance, the banking regulations have complied with by its banking partner, whereas the telecommunications aspect is addressed by the telecommunications provider. A regulatory distinction however occurs once there is e?money issuance by a telecommunication company or non?bank entity through the telecommunications operator (Lyman, et al. 2006), as was the case with Globe Telecom's G?Cash. In both cases, they had to work with financial regulators on banking regulations it was not previously concerned with. Mobile phone payments is a popular and most preferable way of sending and receiving money in Africa since the vast majority of the continents' population are ruler dwellers or uneducated (Ayo, Ukpere, Oni, Ometo, & Akinsiko, 2012; Mangudla, 2012). The concept of mobile money transfer dates back to the history of telecommunication and banking industries. There are collaborations between the two industries for the facilitation of MMT service (Ayo et.al, 2012). M-PESA was the first MMT service in Africa, which was introduced by Safaricom of Kenya (A Vodafone partner) in 2007. M-PESA (M refers to mobile, and PESA refers money in Swahili language) can be accessed from the different outlets such as the headquarter, main branches of the company, or an authorized business outlet. Safaricom registered over 20, 000 consumers for M-PESA within the first month of introducing the service (Hughes & Lonie, 2007), and the number reached more than 15 million users of MMT in Kenya after five years of launching (Michaels, 2011). He contends that there are several factors behind the wide adoption and acceptance of this service by the users including rapid migration to cities for work, a significant unbanked number of the populace, the credibility of the service provider, and finally their commitment towards families in home villages. Therefore, as asserted by Hughes & Lonie, (2007), the M-PESA is primarily designed for the unbanked populace in Kenya. The MMT also was later introduced in several African countries such as Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Ghana, Somalia among others. The success of these services in South Africa and Ghana were less than the Kenya's M-PESA success (Tobbin, 2010). MMT IN SOMALIA:MMT service in Somalia was first introduced by GOLIS , HORMUD and TELESOM telecommunication companies working with puntland, south central Somalia and Somaliland respectively. SAHAL and ZAAD money transfer was the first product; however, EVC, the hormud version of MMT, was banned by al-Shabab Group. The hormud company later introduced a more advanced service named EVC Plus. Other telecommunication service providers later offered similar products with different brands. For example, Nation link offer E-MAAL and somtel offers E-DAHAB services respectively. The lack of effective government in Somalia affected the necessities of the life and the telecommunication industry filled the governmental gap by introducing revolutionary technologies (Osman, 2012). The industry provides several services such landline, mobile phones, internet and mobile banking. The mobile banking or what we can refer to mobile money transfer is very popular in the most sophisticated and active people in Africa with regard to mobile phone payment (Osman, 2012).Many diverse factors contribute to the adoption and acceptance of these MMT services in Somalia. One major reason is that the banking systems in the country are very limited. In addition, there is much risk for caring cash since the country is still politically unstable and recovering from more than two decades of chaos and civil war (Mohamed, 2013). There are huge remittances sent by the Somali Diaspora back home to their families, friends, relatives, or business associates. There is also huge migration to the major cities because of economic crisis, famine, droughts, and job seeking. All these factors can contribute to the acceptance and usage of MMT service by the Somalis as they were behind its usage in other countries especially in Africa. There are limited empirical studies on the state of art of MMT adoption in the country. Sayid, Echchabi, and Abd. Aziz (2012) examined the mobile money acceptance in Somalia by drawing on the TAM model. Sayid et.al's (2012) study suggested that perceived usefulness and security positively affected the attitude towards mobile banking, whereas social influence and perceived usefulness significantly and positively influenced the intention to accept mobile money. Furthermore, their study suggested that perceived ease of use had positive effect on perceived usefulness of mobile money. Sayid et.al's (2012) sample size was very small (N=100) which is difficult to draw a statistical conclusion from it. In addition, this study looked at the MMT in a broader scope. However, their study provided useful insights about the factors influencing the acceptance and adoption of MMT in the country.The current study will examine the trends, challenge and future of mobile money transfer and banking in puntland. The study will focus sahal service as particular as there is no such in depth analysis in this service before. This service has 597,000 sahal service active subscribers which do mobile money services across puntland, similarly it has 86,000 active mobile payment subscribers which use sahal payment as their first choice paybills.The study will focus on these customers, the regulation and the mobile network operators to study the trends, challenges and future of this service.
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